1. History
Computers

2. Development of Computers
Abacus (500 BC)

3. Pascaline (1642) - Blaise Pascal

4. Punch cards (1801) - Joseph Jacquard

5. Difference Engine/Analytical Engine (1822) - Charles Babbage

6. First programmer - Ada Augusta Lovelace

7. Census Bureau (1890) - Herman Hollerith

8. Alan Turing
1936 On Computable Numbers – machines could perform mathematical computations  Turing Machines
1950 Turing Test: tests a machines ability to display intelligent behavior

9. John von Neumann stored program
Von Neumann, being a Hungarian mathematician, physicist, engineer, and computer scientist, found a way of storing programs in a computer. Instead of having to re-create an entire computer to perform one function, we can now have programs with different instructions stored in the computer’s memory. All we need to do is access these programs to use them. Another important concept von Neumann is known for is the von Neumann Architecture. The von Neumann architecture is the same architecture we use today. It consists of: Input, Process, Output, Storage, and Memory.

10. Ted Hoff Microprocessor – 1971 – Intel 4004
Name: Intel 4004 microprocessor
Size: only 1/8" by 1/16"-smaller than a cornflake
2,300 vacuum tubes on one chip
Can perform 66,000 instructions per second
Followed by the 8008:
First commercial 8-bit microprocessor
After the 8008 was the 8080

11. General Purpose Computers
ENIAC by Mauchly & Eckert
First computer based entirely on vacuum tubes

14. EDVAC by von Neumann Improved programming requirements of ENIAC
Stored program concept

15. First Generation 1951 – 1958 Vacuum tubes UNIVAC I (1951)
First computer built for a data processing application
Punched cards
Machine language being replaced by assembly language
FORTRAN

16. Vacuum Tubes

17. Second Generation 1959 – 1963 Transistors DEC introduced PDP-1 (1960)
First minicomputer
IBM began work on System 360 series (1961)
Magnetic tapes and disks
COBOL, Basic, and PL1

18. Transistors

19. Third Generation 1964 – 1970 Integrated circuits
Circuits reside on a single chip
IBM introduced System 360 series (1964)
RPG and Pascal

20. Integrated Circuits

21. Fourth Generation
1971 – ???
LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
Many circuits on a single chip
Development of microprocessor by Intel (1971)
MITS, Inc. – first commercially successful microcomputer (1975)
Apple II (1977), Tandy’s TRS-80 (1979), IBM PC (1981)
Ada

22. LSI

23. ? Next Generation ?
Engineering researchers at the University of Arkansas have designed integrated circuits that can survive at temperatures greater than 350 degrees Celsius – or roughly 660 degrees Fahrenheit.