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Lecture 2 Computer development history
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Topic History of computer development Computer generation Programming language
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History of Computer Development Charles Babbage Design first modern computer Invent –difference engine –Analytical Engine (main part of copmuter system)
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History of Computer Development Count Ada Lovelace First programmer Assist in developing instruction for Babbage device computation
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History of Computer Development Herman Hollerith Develop first computer using electrical power Founder of electronic punch card
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History of Computer Development John V. Atanasoff & Clifford Berry Build first electronically operated digital computer ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer)
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History of Computer Development ENIAC (Electronik Numerical Integrator and Calculator) J.Mauchly & J.Presper Eckert Main general purpose electronic computer Used in world war II Used to solve mathematical problem Use vacuum tube
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History of Computer Development
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UNIVAC 1 (Universal Automatic Computer) First generation comercial computer For scientific and comercial applications Eckert & Mauchly send first UNIVAC to U.S Census Bureau in 1951.
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History of Computer Development
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UNIVAC characteristic Easier to use compared to ENIAC Less vacuum tube (more reliable) Stored program found by John Von Neumann General purpose Use machine language
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History of Computer Development Apple Computer Found by Steve Jobbs dan & Steve Wozniak in 1977 First computer with easy to use screen and keyboard
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History of Computer Development
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Computer Generation First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation
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Computer Generation First Generation 1940’s – early 1950’s Vacuum tube as switch Bulky, slow, easily heated Always fail ABC, MARK1, ENIAC, UNIVAC Stored program concept (Von Neumann) Assembly Language
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Computer Generation Second Generation 1950’s – mid 1960 transistor as switch Smaller and faster (x1000) Less heat, more reliable, cheap The usage of high level language begins DEC-PDP-1
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Computer Generation Third Generation Late 1960’s Silicon chip as switch Smaller and faster (x1000) More reliable
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Computer Generation Fourth Generation 1970’s –current Single processor microchip as switch Very low cost and afforded by individual
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Computer Generation Fifth Generation Japan founded artificial intelligence in the mid 1990 Expert system, natural language Communication and network
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Generati on Electronic circuit Main Memory Secondary Memory InputOutputComputer Size 1 Vacuum TubeMagnetic reel-Magnetic reel M agnetic tape -paper tape punch card punch card - printer Room size 30 ton,1500 kps,18000 vacuum tube,140k/ w 2 transistorMagnetic core M agnetic tape - Magnetic disk punch cardpunch card - printer Drawer size 3 Integrated circuit Magnetic core M agnetic tape M agnetic disk -keyboard, Magnetic tape,Magneti c disk -printer video display Table size 4 microprocesso r Semiconduct or circuit -magnetic disk -diskette -magnetic wave keyboard Optical recognition Light pen Graphic tablet - printer, video display, audio response Typewriter size HISTORY AND COMPUTER REVOLUTION
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Programming Language GenerationProgramming Language 1Machine Language 2Assembly Language 3High Level Language 4Very High Level Language 5Natural Language
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Programming Language Machine language Low level language Use number Data and program instruction is 0 and 1(0n/off) Program written in other language must be changed to machine language before execution
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Programming Language Assembly language Low level Use mnemonic code, abbreviation Program written in this language is translated by assembler into machine language program code before execution
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Programming Language High Level Language Exist 1960 Similar to English Program written in this language is able to overcome more complex problem/task Translator is known as compiler which change program to machine language before execution Commercial application such as C/C++
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Example of High Level Language for Displaying “Hello World” Cobol : DISPLAY “Hello World” Basic : PRINT “Hello World” C : printf (“Hello World”); Java : System.out.println(“Hello World”) C++ : cout<< “Hello World”
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Programming Language Very High Level Language Known as 4GL Program is written shorthand form Able to handle hundreds instruction lines (3 rd generation language can handle few lines only) Example: Query Language
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Programming Language Natural Language Similar to spoken English Language Natural Language translate human instruction into codes that understandable by computer Also known as knowledge base language Interact with knowledge base
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