1. Section 3: France and Britain Clash

2. Queen Anne Reigned 1702-1714 Acts of Union
Union with Scotland Act passed by English Parliament (1706)
Union with England Act passed by Scottish Parliament (1707)
1707 – Creation of Great Britain

3. War of Spanish Succession (1702-1714)
King Charles II of Spain died
Gave all of his lands to Philip (later King Philip V), second-oldest grandson of King Louis XIV of France
Other European powers worried he would inherit too much
Spanish empire partitioned
Austria received European land
Philip received Spain and Spanish America, but not allowed to rule France

4. King George I
Reigned
Following 1689 Bill of Rights, 1701 Act of Settlement banned Catholics and those who married Catholics from the throne, so George succeeded Anne
Modified by 2013 Succession to the Crown Act – those who marry Catholics can succeed
Prime Minister Tony Blair waited to convert to Catholic until after he left office

5. King George II Reigned 1727-1760
Born outside Britain (last to be born outside)
Last British monarch to lead an army in battle during War of Austrian Succession

6. War of Jenkins’ Ear 1739-1748 Britain vs. Spain
Jenkins – captain of British merchant ship – ear cut off by Spanish coast guard in 1731

7. War of Austrian Succession
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina – female ruler of Habsburg lands
European countries denied her right to succeed to the Austrian throne and claimed portions of Austrian land
Primarily Prussia vs. Austria

8. Ohio River Valley
British colonies expanding westward at fast rate, leading into French territory
French claimed Ohio country for their fur trade
British land companies and settlers wanted to expand into Ohio country
1740s – British fur traders moved in

9. Fort Pickawillany British fur traders established Fort Pickawillany
French attacked fort and built their own string of forts along the rivers, closer to the British colonies
Britain expanded into Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay region

11. Louisbourg 1740s – French troops raided towns in ME and NY
New Englanders captured French fortress of Louisbourg during War of Jenkin’s Ear
Britain returned the fort, colonists were angry when they “heard” about it

12. (Most) Native Americans Side with France
French mainly interested in trading for furs and fishing – less likely to steal land
Better relations, many trappers and traders married Native American women
French actively tried to convert Native Americans to Catholicism

13. Iroquois Confederacy
Iroquois – most powerful group of Native Americans in the East
1570 – confederacy formed:
Mohawk
Seneca
Cayuga
Onondaga
Oneida

14. Iroquois Confederacy
Initially tried to play both sides but later gave in to British pressure, sided with British
Balance of power upset

15. Washington
Please leave.
1753 – 21-year-old George Washington sent by VA Governor Dinwiddie to tell the French to leave the Ohio Valley
French response: No.

16. Fort Duquesne & Fort Necessity
Washington made a lieutenant colonel and sent back with a 150-man militia (civilians trained to fight in emergences)
French were building Fort Duquesne at modern day Pittsburgh
Washington’s forces built Fort Necessity
It was a “necessity” to hold on to the fort and capture Fort Duquesne
Washington’s forces attacked, and…

17. Defeat …were defeated Washington’s forces surrendered and were
later released
BUT
Washington’s written account was published and his fame spread
Colonists viewed him as a hero
BRITAIN!

18. Albany Plan of Union
Colonial representatives of 7 colonies met in Albany, NY to discuss war threat
Adopted plan of Benjamin Franklin – “one general government” for 11 of the colonies
Legislature would have power to:
Collect taxes
Raise troops
Regulate trade
2 Branches:
Grand Council (appointed by colonial governments
President General (appointed by Britain)
Delaware part of PA
Georgia omitted

19. Epic Fail
The colonial legislatures were unwilling to give up any of their power to a national government
Franklin = disappointed
“Everyone cries, a union is necessary, but when they come to the manner and form of the union, their weak noodles [brains] are perfectly distracted.”

20. Section 3 Assessment
1) Write a short paragraph that uses the terms Iroquois Confederacy and militia. - Student work should reflect correct use of terms. 2) List two reasons the French felt threatened by British interest in the Ohio River Valley. - Tradition of rivalry between the two nations; threat to their profitable fur trade with Native Americans; competition over resources, land, and fishing grounds. 3) Why did colonists consider George Washington a hero, even after he was defeated by the French? - His bravery in making the first move against the French made him a hero.

21. Section 3 Assessment
4) Re-read Benjamin Franklin’s quote on this page. What was his reaction to the colonies’ refusal to accept the Albany Plan of Union? - Franklin was frustrated that although the colonies expressed their desire for a union, they were unwilling to give up enough power to form one. 5) Re-create the diagram below and explain the powers the legislature would have under the Albany Plan. 6) Study the map on page 117. What countries claimed land in North America? - Britain, France, Spain What power controlled most of what is present-day Canada? - Britain If you live in North America, what country controlled the region where you live? - Great Britain
Albany Plan
Collect taxes
Raise troops
Regulate trade