1. Textbook Page 114 Read the “Two Sources on China and Trade”
Answer the following on a half sheet of paper;
What is Qianlong’s View on Europe’s request for trade?
What does Lord MaCartney think?
Predict what will happen between the two countries.

2. © Student Handouts, Inc. www.studenthandouts.com
Imperialism in China
© Student Handouts, Inc.

3. Early Contacts with Europeans
16th century – Portuguese traded for silk and tea
Portuguese followed by the Dutch and English

4. Chinese History 18th century
Chinese believe that they are superior to the Europeans.
Manchus began restricting Europeans – missionaries and traders. Only trading for silver.
Porcelain & Silk

5. Trade with Britain
China unwilling to trade for resources frustrates Britain.
Britain no longer wants to give up all of their silver they decided to illegally trade Opium in China.
British brought opium from India to Canton
Many Chinese became addicts

6. First Opium War (1839-1842) Chinese emperor forbade opium imports
War between British and Chinese

7. First Opium War (1839-1842) Chinese emperor forbade opium imports
War between British and Chinese
Treaty of Nanking (1842)
Additional British ports in China
British control over Hong Kong
China had to pay an indemnity
China limited to 5% tariff

8. Check for Understanding
Explain to your partner if you think Europeans were justified fighting the Opium War. Why or Why Not

9. Other Westerners in China
Belgium, France, Holland (Netherlands), Portugal, Prussia (Germany), United States
Spheres of influence
Exclusive trading areas
Extraterritoriality
Tried in their own courts and under their own laws (Exempt from Chinese Law)

10. Second Opium War (1856-1860) Also known as the Arrow War Results
1. More Chinese ports opened up to European trade
2. Opium traffic legalized
3. Protection of Christian missionaries
4. All foreign vessels could navigate the Yangtze River
5. Russia’s border extended to Amur River

11. China Loses Land

12. Check for Understanding
Explain to your partner if you think China was actually imperialized.

13. China 1644 - Qing - China’s final dynasty (also known as the Manchu)
Foreign, not considered “Han” Chinese
Increased population
Poverty
Starvation
Peasant Uprisings
Lack of industrialization – not seen as a need
Lack of change/reform
Discontent from within, slow to change and those sneaky Europeans find another way to undermine the power of China

14. Check for Understanding
What forms of Imperialism are present in China.

16. Open Door Policy Proposed by U.S. Secretary of State John Hay (1899)
Fear that China would be carved up between imperialist powers
Left China’s independence and territory intact
All nations could trade equally in China
Endorsed internationally
But not always strictly followed

17. Opium?
When China continues to limit trade with the West, Britain begins to illegally smuggle Opium into China
Millions of addicts dependent on British Opium
"Opium Wars" - between China and Britain leads to defeats for China.
Britain obtains Hong Kong
Japan attacks in 1894 and takes Korea, Taiwan and Port Arthur.

18. Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Chinese people resented foreign influence and power
Order of the Patriotic Harmonious Fists
Called “Boxers” by Westerners
Demanded that foreigners leave China
Killed circa 300 western religious figures and vandalized foreign property
European imperialists, Americans, and Japanese put down the rebellion
China paid $333,000,000 in damages and had to permit military forces in Peking (Beijing) and Tientsin

19. The Boxer Rebellion: 1900 The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.
Citizens try to rid their country of all foreign influence!
Nations (such as England, France and U.S. join together
Chinese are defeated – foreign countries now in economic control

20. 50 of China’s most prosperous ports were deemed "treaty ports" which meant that they were open to foreign trade and residence.
European nations divided China into spheres of influence
The wishes of the Chinese were ignored. This, understandably, created a great deal of resentment amongst the Chinese.

21. Last Emperor The Boxer Rebellion – anti-foreign movement
Hundreds of Europeans killed but European backlash leads to European control of most of China
1911 – Nationalist Chinese forces under Sun-Yat-Sen force the abdication of the last emperor Pu Yi

22. Boxer Rebellion Video

23. Republican Revolution
Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian)
Founded Kuomintang (Nationalist party)
Overthrew Manchu (Qing) dynasty
Established a republic
President of Chinese Republic who succeeded him – Yuan Shih-k’ai
Kuomintang symbol

24. Explain the Photo

25. License Plate Activity
Create a license plate for a European driving in China during this time and a Chinese man driving in China during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s.