1. Reported Speech

2. Reported Speech John says: “I like pizza.”
John says (that) he likes pizza.
John said (that) he liked pizza.

3. Checklist Change the pronouns Change the references to time
Change the references toplace
Employ the sequence of tenses

4. Personal pronouns Tom: “I like driving fast cars.”
Tom told me that he liked driving fast cars.
Alice: “I don’t like Betty.
Alice said she didn’t like you.

5. References to places and time
Wes: “Come here!”
He told me to go there.
Kate: “Bring the book tomorrow.”
She told Mike to bring the book the next day.

6. Sequence of tenses
Annie: “Be quiet! I’m watching the news.” Annie told him to be quiet because she was watching the news.
Robert: „I‘ve never liked pizza.“ Robert said that he had never liked pizza.

7. Sequence of tenses Present  Past Past  Past Perfect
Present Perfect  Past Perfect
Future  Future in the past
Modal verbs  Past form

8. Questions Introductory verb denoting a question
References to places and time
Sequence of tenses
Word order of an indirect question

9. Two types of questions
WH- questions (who, what, why, where, when, which, how) Who are you? Where was he born?
YES/NO questions Are you happy? Have you done your homework?

10. WH- questions
Sarah: „How old is your car?“ Sarah asked me how old my car was.
Sam: „What did you see there?“ Sam wanted to know what she had seen there.
Ask, want to know, wonder, inquire, ...

11. YES/NO questions Bob: „Are you happy?“ Bob wondered if I was happy.
Erica: „Have you seen the new maths teacher?“ Erica wanted to know whether I had seen the new maths teacher.
if=whether

12. Requests and Demands Introductory verb denoting a request or demand
References to places and time
Verb as a „to infinitive“

13. Requests and Demands
Jim: „Can you open the window, please?“ Jim asked me to open the window.
Fred: „Stop talking!“ Fred told us to stop talking.
Donna: „Don‘t cry.“ Donna begged us not to cry. ask, tell, beg, demand, want sbd to, request, ...