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Introduction
Chapter Introduction
This chapter will introduce you to A New Civilization in Europe, which began after the fall of the Roman empire. You will learn about the Middle Ages and the struggles over power and religion during this time.
Section 1: Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Section 2: The Spread of Christianity in Europe
Section 3: The Development of European
Feudalism

2. Academic Vocabulary unite—v., to bring together
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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Academic Vocabulary
unite—v., to bring together
We can unite the team by all having lunch together.
If students are unfamiliar with this term, have them locate the word in Section 1 to see how it is used. Then have them practice using the word in a sentence.

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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Key Ideas
Europe’s varied geography of plains, mountains, and rivers has attracted many different
peoples.
Help students understand Europe’s physical features by having them examine the map Europe: Physical in Section 1.

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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Key Ideas
After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes such as the Franks formed kingdoms.
The Frankish emperor Charlemagne united a large part of Western Europe.
Have students examine the map Migrating Tribes, 300s–500s in Section 1.

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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Key Terms
Middle Ages—period between ancient times and modern times, roughly from A.D. 500 to 1500
medieval—from the Latin for “middle age,” relating to the Middle Ages
Students should use the Word Wise feature for Section 1 of A New Civilization in Europe in their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

6. Key Terms topography—physical features of a place
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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Key Terms
topography—physical features of a place
clergy—people who are trained and ordained for religious services
Students should use the Word Wise feature for Section 1 of A New Civilization in Europe in their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

7. Geography of Europe The Scandinavian Peninsula divides the
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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Geography of Europe
The Scandinavian Peninsula divides the
Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea.
Europe’s topography is varied.
The North European Plain is the fertile heart
of the continent.
Europe’s rivers flow from the central
mountains and highlands, bringing water to
farmland.

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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
New Kingdoms in Europe
Europe’s favorable geography attracted different peoples to migrate into Western Europe.
The Lombards settled in Europe’s river valleys.
The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes moved across the North Sea to the British Isles.
Point out and discuss the map in Section 1 showing Germanic migrations.

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Europe in the Early Middle Ages
Charlemagne’s Europe
Charlemagne was a powerful ruler who expanded his empire with a fierce army.
Charlemagne’s empire was vast and contained different tribal groups.
Charlemagne valued education and encouraged the creation of schools.
Have students examine the Closer Look feature in Section 1, Charlemagne’s Europe. Guide a class discussion about Charlemagne’s reign.

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The Spread of Christianity in Europe
Academic Vocabulary
convert—v., to bring over from one belief to another
Many people converted to Christianity during the Middle Ages.
To help students understand different forms of the word “convert,” point out the heading The Conversion of Europe and examine the feature titled Converting Europe in Section 2.

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The Spread of Christianity in Europe
Key Ideas
Christian monks and nuns lived and worked in communities dedicated to spiritual goals.
Missionaries spread Christian teachings throughout northern Europe.
Have students examine the Culture Close-Up feature Monastic Life in Section 2. Have students visit myworldhistory.com to learn more about what life was like in a medieval monastery or convent.

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The Spread of Christianity in Europe
Key Ideas
Through its teachings and sacraments, the Catholic Church became a center of authority in medieval Europe.
Have students examine the information under the heading The Medieval Church in Section 2. Discuss the power and influence of the Church on medieval society.

13. Key Terms monastery—secluded religious community
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The Spread of Christianity in Europe
Key Terms
monastery—secluded religious community
convent—religious community for women known
as nuns
To help students understand these terms, have them refer to Activity Card #102 about a medieval Christian monastery.

14. Key Terms pagan—follower of a polytheistic religion
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The Spread of Christianity in Europe
Key Terms
pagan—follower of a polytheistic religion
missionary—someone who tries to convert others to a particular religion
saint—person believed to be especially holy
To help students better understand these terms, have them examine the information under the heading The Conversion of Europe in Section 2.

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The Spread of Christianity in Europe
Key Terms
sacrament—sacred rites of Christianity, such as baptism and communion
Christendom—large community of Christians spread across the world

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The Spread of Christianity in Europe
The Power of the Church
How do you think the Church’s power contributed to the way people went about their daily lives?
Why do you think some Christians came into
conflict with other religions?
Have students review the information in Section 2 under the heading The Medieval Church.

17. Academic Vocabulary loyalty—n., the state of being faithful
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The Development of European Feudalism
Academic Vocabulary
loyalty—n., the state of being faithful
He showed his loyalty to the team by staying late to clean up the field.
Have students use the term in a sentence that shows their understanding of the word’s meaning. Have volunteers read their sentences and provide corrections if needed.

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The Development of European Feudalism
Key Ideas
Invasions by Vikings and other groups created disorder in Europe.
Have students read the material in Section 3 under the heading A Violent Time.

19. Key Ideas Feudalism brought social and political order to Europe.
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The Development of European Feudalism
Key Ideas
Feudalism brought social and political order to Europe.
Manorialism created many small,
self-sufficient economic units.
Have students examine the diagram Feudalism in Medieval Europe in Section 3 to better understand the system of feudalism.

20. Key Terms vassal—in medieval Europe, a nobleman who
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The Development of European Feudalism
Key Terms
vassal—in medieval Europe, a nobleman who
received land from another nobleman in return
for his services
fief—estate granted by a lord to a vassal
knight—warrior mounted on horseback
chivalry—code of conduct in medieval Europe
that required knights to be brave, loyal, and
honest
To help students understand these terms, have them refer to Activity Card #101 about becoming a knight.

21. Key Terms manor—self-sufficient estate of a medieval lord
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The Development of European Feudalism
Key Terms
manor—self-sufficient estate of a medieval lord
serf—a peasant who is legally bound to live
and work on land owned by a lord
Students should use the Word Wise feature for Section 3 of A New Civilization in Europe in their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

22. The Vikings Who were the Vikings?
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The Development of European Feudalism
The Vikings
Who were the Vikings?
Why were monasteries easy targets for the Vikings?
How did Viking explorations affect Europe’s culture?
Direct students’ attention to the map in Section 3 showing invasions in Europe between 700 and Point out the Vikings’ invasion routes.

23. What was European feudalism?
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The Development of European Feudalism
What was European feudalism?
European feudalism was a system of rule in which powerful lords divided their lands among lesser lords, or vassals.
Lords and vassals protected the king and managed territory.
Knights protected lords and the king.
Peasants and serfs worked the land.
Have students review the diagram Feudalism in Medieval Europe in Section 3.

24. A Feudal Society What is the connection between a fief and a lord?
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The Development of European Feudalism
A Feudal Society
What is the connection between
a fief and a lord?
When was a boy who wanted to become a knight usually allowed to begin training?
What is the difference between
a lord and a knight?
Have students review the information in Section 3 under the subheading Knights and Warfare.

25. European feudalism and Japanese feudalism.
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The Development of European Feudalism
Compare and contrast
European feudalism and Japanese feudalism.
Japanese
Feudalism
European
Both
Have students review the text under the subheading Comparing European and Japanese Feudalism in Section 3. Then tell them to fill out their graphic organizers.

26. The Medieval Manor What was the center of the medieval economy?
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The Development of European Feudalism
The Medieval Manor
What was the center
of the medieval economy?
What was the difference between a serf and a slave?
What do you think life was like for serfs on a manor?

27. Characteristics of Manor Life
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The Development of European Feudalism
Daily Life on the Manor
Characteristics of Manor Life
Have students examine the Closer Look feature A Medieval Manor in Section 3. Use the graphic organizer to discuss how manors shaped medieval life. Students may add ovals as necessary.

28. How did the life of a peasant differ from that of a lord?
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The Development of European Feudalism
How did the life of a peasant differ from that of a lord?
A Peasant’s Life
A Lord’s
Life
Both
Have students read the text in Section 3 under the subheading Life on the Manor.

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The Development of European Feudalism
Managing the Manor
Peasants worked the land, grew crops, cut wood, and raised livestock.
Lords judged minor crimes and settled arguments.
Bailiffs served as judge when the lord was away.
Reeves repaired buildings and supervised peasants.

30. How did feudalism and the manor system affect life in medieval Europe?
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The Development of European Feudalism
How did feudalism and the manor system affect life in medieval Europe?
Feudalism/
Manor System
Everyday Life