1. Ecosystem Ecology
AP Bio Ch. 55

2. Community vs. Ecosystem

3. Abiotic Shapes Biotic
Abiotic factors create different environmental conditions
Biotic life has evolved to live in these areas
Major Factors:
Temperature
Rainfall

4. energy Thermodynamics
No energy created, no energy destroyed: Energy Transfers
Entropy increases in our universe

5. Energy & life

6. Energy & Life

7. Energy (Food Web)
Energy Flows into and out of the biosphere

8. Trophic Relationships
Detrivores (decomposers)
eat dead organisms
Omnivores (heterotrophs)
Eat plants and animals
3° Consumers (carnivores)
eats 2° Consumers
2° Consumers (carnivores)
eats 1° Consumers
1° Consumers (herbivores)
convert chemical energy into ATP
Producers (autotrophs)
convert light energy into chemical energy

9. Quantifying Energy

10. Energy Calculations GPP: the amount of energy enters plant
NPP: the amount of energy available to consumers
NPP = GPP (total energy) – R (energy used for respiration)

13. Energy Pyramid

14. Biomass Pyramid

15. Respiratory loss by decomposers
The data in the table below relate to the transfer of energy in a small clearly defined habitat. The units in each case are in kJ.m-2.yr-1
Trophic Level
Gross Production
Respiratory Loss
Loss to decomposers
Producers
60724
36120
477
Herbivores
24127
14700
3072
First Carnivores
6355
5760
420
Top Carnivores
175 40 15
Respiratory loss by decomposers
3120
Construct an energy flow model to represent all these data
Calculate the Net Productivity for
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers

16. ENERGY FLOW MODEL 1st order Carnivores Top Carnivores Producers
60724
24127
1st order
Carnivores
Top
Carnivores
6355
175
Producers
Herbivores
3072
420
477 15
Decomposers
R=3120