1. 10.2 Retrieving Information
Baylis

2. Retrieval Process Retrieval The solution to retrieval is organization
Recognition
Recall
Eidetic Memory
Retrieval
Process

3. State-Dependent Learning
When you recall info easily when you are in the same physiological or emo state.
Ex: Study for a test in the same room where you will take it (cue)

4. Relearning Learn the greek alphabet today
10 years from now, it wont take you as long to be able to say it again.
Why? You benefit from earlier learning

5. Forgetting A failure of memory
Involves: decay, interference, or repression
Decay
Fades away
Happens esp. in sensory storage & short-term

6. Forgetting Interference
A memory can be blocked or erased by previous or subsequent memories
Proactive  an earlier memory blocks
Example: you get a new cell #, but you have trouble remembering it b/c you keep thinking of the old one
Retroactive  a later memory (new info) blocks you from remembering old stuff

7. Forgetting & Freud Repression Blocking can be no accident
Block memories that are embarrassing or frightening, traumatic, etc.
It still exists but is inaccessible

8. Amnesia
Amnesia – loss of memory after a blow to the head or brain damage
Drug use
Severe Psych. Stress
Different Types of Amnesia
Infantile – Prior to age 3
Anterograde – prevents any new memories
Retrograde – prior to the trauma , no mem.
Amnesia

9. How do I Improve My Memory?
Techniques are based on:
- efficient organization
- and chunking info

10. Elaborative Rehearsal
Repeating things over and over helps (Maintenance Rehearsal) BUT…
Relating new info to something you already know (Elaborative Rehearsal) is better!
More meaningful  easier to remember

11. Example: Elaborative Rehearsal
Vocabulary Activity
Word: Confabulation
Definition: the act of filling in memory gaps
My Definition: When I can’t remember something I will make something up in order for my memory to flow better
Rewrite Definition: When one can’t remember a piece of a memory they will make it up
Example in book: When a person “remembers” info that was never stored

12. Association
You remember things more vividly if you associate them w/ things already stored.
The more associations (sensory), the more it can trigger the memory.

13. Tips Protect a memory from interference: OVERLEARN IT!
Avoid studying similar material (i.e. History & Government)
Space Out your learning (distributed practice)
How you learn something = will affect how you store it (stress not good)

14. Mnemonic Devices A technique for using associations
Method of Loci & Greeks
Associations made by walking by certain locations
“Thirty days has September”
Mental Pictures

15. Examples of Mnemonic Devices
M.A.I.N. – The underlying causes of WWI (Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism)
“I before E except after C”
HOMES – Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, & Superior)
Au is the chemical symbol for Gold. Here’s a sentence to help you remember this fact: A! U! (Hey you!) That’s my gold! 
My Very Educated Mother Just Showed Us Nine Planets
Oftentimes, people crave seconds when it comes to dessert. Notice that dessert contains two s’s, whereas desert contains only one

16. More Examples…Mnemonic Devices
Thirty days hath September
April, June and November.
All the rest have thirty-one,
But February, it is great
And brings to us twenty-eight,
Unless it steps out of line
And brings to us twenty-nine (leap year occurs every four years. The next one occurs in 2016).

17. Extra Credit
Create your own Mnemonic Device to help you study Chapter 10.
Dedicate a whole Left side page to it and get it stamped by Friday!