1. A Review PowerPoint Language Arts 10
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development In connection with “Choices” in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird
A Review PowerPoint
Language Arts 10

2. Lawrence Kohlberg American Psychologist
Developed a sequence of stages of moral reasoning about right and wrong
Kohlberg was not interested in the response of right and wrong, but in the reasoning behind the decision

3. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning
Kohlberg divided moral development into three levels and six stages.
Each level is a different stage of moral reasoning

4. Level 1: Preconventional Moral Reasoning
Judgment is based on personal needs and others’ rules.
Stage 1: Punishment-Obedience Orientation
Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment. A good or bad action is determined by its physical consequences. Authority figures determine standards.
Stage 2: Personal Reward Orientation
Personal needs determine right and wrong. Favors are returned along the lines of “You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours.” Eye for eye, same for all, treat all the same. Focused on fairness.

5. Level 1: Preconventional Moral Reasoning
Punishment-Obedience
Good or bad is determined by physical consequences
Personal Reward
I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine

6. Level 2: Conventional Moral Reasoning
Judgment is based on others’ approval, family expectations, traditional values, the laws of society, and loyalty to country.
Stage 3: Good Boy – Nice Girl Orientation
Good means “nice.” It is determined by what pleases, aids, and is approved by others. Considers own feelings (conscience) and feelings of others. Puts oneself in other’s shoes. Follows stereotypes of right behavior of majority.
Stage 4: Laws and Order Orientation
Laws are absolute. Authority must be respected and the social order maintained. Rigid, fixed rules are hard to change. Respect for authority and majority rule.

7. Level 2: Conventional Moral Reasoning
Good-Boy Nice-Girl
These two are dressed appropriately for work to please themselves and others
Laws and Order
Make sure to obey these signs!

8. Level 3: Postconventional Moral Reasoning
Stage 5: Social Contract Orientation
Good is determined by socially agreed-upon standards of individual rights. Standards of behavior are critically examined and socially agreed upon. Law can be changed for the benefit of society. Making decisions for the greater good.
Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
Good and right are matters of individual conscience and involve abstract concepts of justice, human dignity, and equality.

9. TKM Discussion: Miss Gates
Scenario (plot):
Miss Gates is prejudice against blacks, but when Cecil Jacobs presents his article about Hitler persecuting the Jews, she says that prejudice is wrong.

10. TKM Discussion: Miss Gates
What was the decision or choice Miss Gates made?

11. TKM Discussion: Miss Gates
What Kohlberg level and stage of moral reasoning is Miss Gates at?

12. TKM Discussion: Miss Gates
Explain how Miss Gates’ decision fits into the Kohlberg stage

13. Your Test Chart will look like this:
Character
Plot
Decision Made
Kohlberg Level and Stage
Explanation of Kohlberg stage
This will be filled in

14. You will be able to use your Kohlberg Hand-out on the test!
Study
Study your Kohlberg Hand-out
Study your Kohlberg Survey
Study your Kohlberg Scenario example
You will be able to use your Kohlberg Hand-out on the test!