1. Grammar
Miss Johnson

2. Idioms
Idiom: a group of words established by usage as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words

3. Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal Verb: an idiomatic phrase consisting of a verb and another element, typically either an adverb, a preposition, or a combination of both; a two to three word phrase functioning as the verb
Adverb- break down
Preposition- see to
Adverb and preposition- Lock down on

4. Phrasal Verb Verb: The cat turned.
Verb Phrase: The cat has been turning the pages of the book.
Phrasal Verb: The cat turned in late. (idiom for “went to bed”)

5. 3 tests for phrasal verb
Ask: “Does the meaning of the phrase change substantially compared to the meaning of the separate words?”
The verb and particle can usually be separated by a direct object with no change in meaning.
Phrasal verbs often have single-word equivalents

6. Phrasal Verbs
We diagram a phrasal verb the same way we diagram a verb phrase – it all goes on the same line.
He dressed up for the concert.

7. Phrasal Verbs
I work out in the morning.

8. Special Structures Adverbial Objective Double Modifiers
Noun that functions as a verb
Double Modifiers
Modifier that modifies another modifier

9. Adverbial Objectives
Adverbial Objective: noun and pronoun that function as adverbs
Indirect objects are adverbial objectives; they tell to whom or for whom something is given, said, or shown, and they modify verbs
To test:
usually we can insert a preposition and the sentence will make sense (its like having an imaginary prepositional phrase that functions as an adverb or time or place)

10. Adverbial Objectives
Abelard never came home Friday.

11. Adverbial Objectives
You arrived ten minutes late for you lesson.

12. Adverbial Objectives
It costs three dollars a gallon.

13. Double Modifiers
Double Modifier: a compound of two or more modifying words that function as either an adjective or an adverb
Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs
Hyphens sometimes link multiple modifiers together
Ex: the forty-year-old-man
Credit-card statement
Over-the-counter medicine
Long-distance phone call
Other qualifiers or possessive modifiers that proceed a modifier
Somewhat slow
Rather quickly
Extremely thin
Very smoothly

14. Double Modifiers
The long-distance phone call was a fortune.