1. PARTS OF THE SENTENCE “Ishmael watched.” “If Ishmael watched.”
Which one is a sentence? Why?
Sentence comes from the Latin sententia, meaning “way of thinking,” or “opinion.”

2. one two subject predicate
what we’re talking about what we’re saying about it
This binary form must shape all levels of communication, from the sentence to the paragraph to the longer essay or speech. If the subject or predicate component is damaged or missing at any level, then the communication fails.

3. SUBJECT: The noun or subject pronoun that the sentence is about.
Simple/complete subject: A complete subject includes the simple subject and all of its modifiers; The notorious revolutionary Che Guevara, rode off into the sunset on his motorcycle.
**Note that only subject pronouns can be sentence subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they).
Compound subject: Basically a double subject. A compound subject joined by the coordinating conjunction and is considered plural; Bach and Beethoven are here. The coordining conjunction or is a singular compound; Bach or Beethoven is out of his mind.

4. PREDICATE: The verb and other words that are about the subject.
Simple predicate is the verb; Hamlet went to the crater.
Complete predicate is everything said about the subject; Hamlet went to the crater and picked up a skull.
Compound Verbs: A subject may take several verbs as its predicate; When the stars threw down their spears/ And watered heaven with their tears:/ Did He smile His work to see? The subject stars has threw and watered as its compound verb.

5. Direct Object: A noun or object pronoun that receives the action of the action verb.
Object Pronouns: (me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them)
When there is a direct object, we call the action verb transitive. When the action verb does not act on a direct object, we call the action verb intransitive. (v.t. or v.i.)
We hold these truths to be self-evident.
Where did you study all this goodly speech?

6. Indirect Object: Noun or object pronoun indirectly affected by the action verb—located between the action verb and the direct object.
S—AV—IO—DO
We use indirect objects as an alternative to using a prepositional phrase.
The army gave the rebels an ultimatum. Rather than,
The army gave an ultimatum to the rebels.

7. Subject Complement: Noun, subject pronoun or adjective that is linked to the subject by a linking verb.
Linking verb = the subject. A subject complement (not compliment) renames and completes the subject. It tells us about a state of being. I am he. Note that only a subject pronoun can be a subject complement.
Predicate Nominatives & Predicate Adjectives: 2 kinds of subject complements.
It is I, Hamlet. AND I am sleepy.

8. Logic of Sentence Analysis
Find the subject/predicate set.
Is the verb ACTION or LINKING?
If the verb is action, then
Do not look for a subject complement.
Look for a direct object.
If you find a direct object, then
Look for an indirect object.
If the verb is linking, then
Do not look for a direct object.
Look for a subject complement.

9. Definitions
Sentence: a group of words that has a subject and its predicate AND makes a complete thought
Fragment: an incomplete thought
Subject: the noun or subject pronoun that the sentence is about
Predicate: the simple predicate is the verb

10. Direct Object: the noun or object pronoun that receives the action of the action verb
Indirect Object: noun or object pronoun between the action verb and the direct object (is indirectly affected by the action)
Subject complement: noun, subject pronoun, or adjective the is linked (=) to the subject by a linking verb—tells more about the subject
Predicate Nominative: subj. comp.=noun/pronoun
Predicate adjective: subj. comp.=adjective

11. Exam Review Focus for Each Group
Address concepts on Review Sheet in Haiku
List significant figures/characters/events/Regions/Settings
Choose 3-4 Quotes that are significant
Create 2-3 Questions that address important ideas

12. Two Overarching Questions
What aspects of colonialism are revealed in the work.
Define the relationship between the individual and larger society reflected in the text.