1. Industrialization
Chapter 9.2

2. Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization.
Essential Question?
Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization.

3. MAIN IDEA- (ECONOMICS)
The factory system changed the way people lived and worked, introducing a variety of problems
WHY IT MATTERS NOW-
Many less-developed countries are undergoing the difficult process of industrialization today

4. Setting the Stage
Industrial Revolution affected all parts of life in Great Britain.
Change to machine production caused human suffering
Unhealthy work conditions
Pollution (air/water)
Child Labor
Class tensions especially between the working and middle class.
Industrialization eventually leads to a better quality of life

7. Industrialization Changes Life England
The pace of industrialization accelerates rapidly in Britain.
1800 People earned higher wages in factories than on farms
People “believe” they could afford:
To heat house with coal
To eat Scottish beef
Better, warmer clothing
Stay ahead of the rat race

8. Industrial Cities Rise In England
After 1800 population balance shifts toward cities
Factories located in cities
People went to find jobs
Most urban areas double in population
Known as urbanization:
City building and the movement of people to cities
Farms to Cities

9. London is England’s most important city
Factories developed in groups
Built near sources of energy, like water and coal
London is England’s most important city
Becomes Europe’s largest city
Twice as many people as Paris
Coal Deposits across the world

10. Living Conditions
Because England's cities grew so rapidly Cities don’t have:
Urban development plans
Sanitary codes
Building codes
Inadequate:
Housing
Education
Police
Working Class Housing

11. Sickness was widespread
Most streets unpaved
No drains
Garbage collects in piles
Housing
Shelters were dark/ dirty
Families live in 1 room apartments.
Sickness was widespread
Cholera (deadly) epidemics would sweep through the slums, regularly
Cholera: water-borne disease, caused by bacteria, transported by water

12. Working Conditions
Owners wanted factories running as many hours as possible. Why?
Average work day 14 hours, 6 days a week
Work is the same day after day, week after week and year after year

14. Factories Coal Mines Most not well lit
Moving parts of machines exposed
Workers lose limbs
Boilers would explode
No govt. aid in case of injury
Coal Mines
Conditions damp
Breathing of coal dust shorten workers lives by 10 years
Many women and children employed in mines. Why?
Kids in Mines

19. Class Tensions Grow
Industrial Revolution creates enormous wealth in the nation
Most of wealth goes to owners, shippers, merchants
All part of growing middle class:
Working class is gripped in poverty

20. New Social Classes Emerge
Upper Class
Aristocrats, old landowners
Prosper immediately in Industrial Revolution
In the past, had occupied top position
With wealth came social, political power
Consider business world and new middle class vulgar
“Old Money”

21. VS Middle Classes (Educated) Upper Middle Class
The Bank’s
Middle Classes (Educated)
Upper Middle Class
Factory owners, merchants, bankers, govt. employees, doctors, etc.
Some become wealthier than upper class
New Middle Class
Neither rich nor poor
Factory supervisors, skilled workers, toolmakers, etc.
Both prosper immediately in IR VS
The Hill’s

22. Working Class
Workers see little improvement in working and living conditions
Machines begin to replace manual labor
What is the consequence?
Luddites:
Workers who began destroy labor saving machinery
Rioted outside of factories
This is the beginning of what political group?

23. Positive Effects of Industrial Revolution
Creates jobs
Contributes to wealth of nation
Technological progress, invention
Raised the standard of living, production of goods
**Provides hope for a better life**
These guys have become billionaires within the last 20 years

24. College? Healthier diets Cheaper, mass-produced clothes
People live longer
Cheaper, mass-produced clothes
Expands educational opportunities
Business’s need clerical, engineers etc.
College?