1. PRESENTATION TOPIC CONTAMINATED LAND AND BIOREMEDIATION
PRESENTED BY:
FAIZA SADDIQUE
ROLL NO:
117119
DEPARTMENT:
BS BI 6TH

2. CONTAMINATED LAND
Land that is contaminated contains substances in or under the land that are actually or potentially hazardous to health or the environment.
Areas with a long history of industrial production will have many sites which may be affected by their former uses such as mining, industry, chemical and oil spills and waste disposal.

3. These sites are known as brownfield land.
Contamination can also occur naturally as a result of the geology of the area, or through agricultural use.
Land contamination may impact on health or the environment .

4. Risks to humans posed by contaminants on land
Increased levels of illness have not been observed in people living on contaminated land
However ill effects, which may be undetectable using current epidemiological and analytical methods, may occur
Impact from contaminated soil can be difficult to separate from other types of pollution
Possible health effects of the contaminants are difficult to establish because there are many confounding factors

5. MOST COMMON CONTAMINANTS

6. BIOREMEDIATION
A treatment process that uses microorganisms (yeast, fungi, or bacteria) to break down, or degrade, hazardous substances into less toxic or nontoxic substances (carbon dioxide and water)

7. CONDITIONS THAT FAVOR BIOREMEDIATION
Temperature favorable for organisms
Water available (near field capacity)
Nutrients (N, P, K) in adequate supply
Material added is similar to naturally occurring organic material
Oxygen in sufficient quantity

8. TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATIONS
The two main types of bioremediation are:
In situ bioremediation
Ex situ bioremediation

9. IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION
In situ bioremediation is when the contaminatant site is cleaned up exactly where it occurred
It is the most commonly used type of bioremediation b/c it is the cheapest and most efficient, so it’s generly better to use
There are two main types of In situ bioremediation
Intrinsic and Accerelated bioremediation

10. INTRINSIC BIOREMEDIATION
Intrincis bioremediation is uses microrganism already present in the environment to biodegrade harmful contaminant
There is no human intervention involved in this type, and since it is the cheapest means of bioremediaton available, it is the most commomnlt used
When intrinsic bioremediation is not feasible , scientists turn next to accerelated bioremediation

11. ACCERELATED BIOREMEDIATION
In accerelated bioremediation, either subtrate or nutrients are added to the environment to help break down the toxic spill by making the microorganisms grow more rapidly
Usually microorganisms are indigenous, but occasionallymicroorganisms that are very efficient at degrading a certain cantaminant are additionally added
Main goal of In situ treatment is to manage and manipulate the subsurface environment to optimize microbial degradation

12. IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION Land treatments
Bioventing: is the most common in situ treatments and involves supplying of air and nutrients through wells of contaminanted soil to stimulate the indigenous bacteria

14. EX SITU BIOREMEDIATION
Which is when contaminated land are taken out of the area to be cleaned up by the organisms
This type of bioremediation is generally used only when the site is threatenedfor some reason, usually by the spill that needs to be cleaned up
Ex situ bioremediation is only used when necessary b/c it’s expensive and damaging to the area, since contaminated land is physically removed

16. EX SITU BIOREMEDIATION
LANDFORMING is a simple tecnique in which contaminated soil is excavated and spread over a prepared bed and periodically tilled until pollutants are degraded
COMPOSTING is a tecnique that involves combining contaminated soil with non-hazardous organic compounds such as agricultural wastes
The presence of these organic materials supports the development of a rich microbial population and elevated temperature charactristic of composting

18. BIOREACTORS: Slurry reactors are used for ex situ treatment of contaminated soil and water pumped up from a contaminated plumes.

20. ADVANTAGES OF BIOREMEDIATION
Bioremediation is a natural process and is therefore perceived by public
Bioremediation is useful for the complete destruction of a wide variety of contaminants
Bioremediation can prove less expensive than other tecnologies that are used for cleanup a hazardous waste

21. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOREMEDIATION
Bioremediation is limited to those compounds that are biodegradable. Not all compounds are susceptible to rapid and complete degradation
There are some concerns that the product of biodegradation may b more toxic than the parent compound
Bioremediation often takes longer than other treatment options