1. Chapter 24 Part I Taming the City

2. Industry and the Growth of Cities
The challenge of urban growth was felt first and most acutely in Britain.
In the 1820s and 30s people in France and Britain began to worry about the condition of their cities.

3. Industry and the Growth of Cities
Rapid urbanization without any public transportation worsened already poor living conditions in cities in the nineteenth century.
Government was slow to improve sanitation and building codes.

4. Public Health and the Bacterial Revolution
Advances in public health, urban planning, and urban transport ameliorated these conditions by 1900.
Jeremy Bentham “Benthamites” believed in utilitarianism-doing the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

5. Public Health and the Bacterial Revolution
Edwin Chadwick in England advocated improved sewage systems. He believed disease was directly related to unsanitary conditions.
At the time, most people believed in the miasmatic theory, getting a disease by breathing in filth, not that the filth is causing the disease.

6. Public Health and the Bacterial Revolution
Louis Pasteur in France discovered that bacteria caused disease (1860s) or germ theory.

7. Public Health and the Bacterial Revolution
English Surgeon Joseph Lister comes up with antiseptic principal

8. Urban Planning and Public Transportation
In Paris (under Napoleon III) and other European cities urban planners demolished buildings and medieval walls to create wide boulevards and public parks.

9. Urban Planning and Public Transportation
Mass public transport, including electric streetcars, enabled city dwellers to live further from the city center, relieving overcrowding.