1. HISTORY OF HEALTH EDUCATION

2. Early History:  Trial and Error (lay-referral network)  Medical lore passed down from generation to generation  Throughout history people have always turned to some type of medicine man or physician for counsel

3. Ancient Cultures:  Good hygiene practices  Paved streets, drains, sewer systems  Code of Hammurabi  Before science enabled us to determine pathogenic causes of disease, spiritual explanations and leadership prevailed

4. Greeks:  Balance of physical, mental, and spiritual  Hippocrates and the“atomic theory” (p.43)  Recorded observations between disease and geography, living conditions, climate, and diet

5. Romans:  Conquered the Greeks, but retained their medical knowledge  Exceptional builders of water and sewage systems  Attention to where they located towns and drainage  Advanced study of human anatomy and surgery

6. Middle Ages:  In order for people to be protected, they built fortresses around their property and animals  Overcrowding and sanitation  Little emphasis on cleanliness in early Christianity  Disease was caused by sin or disobeying God  Time of great epidemics – bubonic plague

7. Renaissance:  Beginning of change  Disease and plague still rampant  Bloodletting popular  “water casting”  Barbers performed surgery and dentistry  Hygiene of royalty

8. Renaissance cont.  Printing press invented so classical writing could be reproduced  OK to study the human body and anatomy advanced  Leeuwenhoek discovered the microscope  John Graunt made advancement in epi  “health boards” began to be developed in communities

9. Age of Enlightenment:  Disease and plagues still raged  Miasmas theory of disease took hold  Mind and body were dependent on one another  Edward Jenner discovered vaccine procedure for smallpox

10. 1800’s (Bacterial period of public Health)  First half of the century diseases continued to rage  1842 Edwin Chadwick’s report  1849 John Snow and the Broad Street pump  Louis Pasteur – Germ theory of disease  Joseph Lister – antiseptic method

11. Health Education & Promotion in the United States  Early colonial schools  1647 – “Old Deluder” law  By mid 1800’s schools were tax supported and attendance was required  1850 –first mandate to teach physiology and hygiene in all public schools  1850 - Shattuck Report

12.  1873 – APHA started  1874-1890 Women’s Crusade, later called the Women’s Christian Temperance Union  1890’s - medical inspections began  1901- Thomas Wood

13.  1914 - Demonstration projects began  1914 – WWI, 1 st large scale measure of health status of Americans  1920’s-1930’s many studies designed to clarify the role of health education  Great Depression, 1929-1941  WWII, 1939-1945

14.  1950 – Health Education was emerging as integral part of elementary, secondary, & college curriculum

15. 1970’s:The Era of Prevention  1971 – Coalition of National Health Organizations formed  1974 – LaLonde Report  ** Health Field Concept **  1974 – CDC was established  1979 – Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention was published

16. 1980’s  Promoting Health & Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation  Initial Role Delineation study for Health Education  Examination of professional preparation programs and professional competencies  First Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) recognized

17. 1990’s  National Health Education Standards published  Responsibilities/competencies for entry-level Health Educators published  SOC designation for Health Educators  Competencies Update Project (CUP)

18. 2000’s  Unified Code of Ethics  Report of Joint Committee on Health Education & Promotion Terminology  Promotion of CHES  Revised national HE competencies (3 levels) based on CUP  Outcome-Based Education & Practice

19. Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act  Signed into law March 2010  Expands health care coverage  Should help health education specialists  Focus on prevention & preventive services  Encourages & promotes worksite wellness  Evidence-based community prevention & wellness programs  Moves prevention toward the mainstream  Some components of the law are already in place  Major components required in 2014; not be fully implemented until 2019