1. Lecture 15: Responding to the Challenge of White Collar Crime

2. Goal To achieve a more effective response to white collar crime.
How?
Raise consciousness about white collar crime.
Adopt structural, normative, and preventative policies.

3. Business ethics courses
Ethical committees/ombudsmen
Ethics or compliance officers
Sanctions

4. Positive Sanctions
Use of pleasant incentives/rewards to make people conform to laws prohibiting white collar offenses.
E.g., grants, tax credits, favorable administrative consideration.

5. Negative Sanctions
Actions that discourage the repetition or continuation of behavior. Can range from mild to severe, formal to informal.
E.g., imprisonment, fines, adverse publicity; stigma.

6. Four justifications for punishment:
Retribution: punishment should be comparable in severity to the deviance itself.
Deterrence: requires that the pains of punishment outweigh the pleasures of deviance.

7. Rehabilitation: views deviance as the product of social problems (e. g
Rehabilitation: views deviance as the product of social problems (e.g., poverty) or personal problems (e.g., mental illness); social offenders are improved and offenders subjected to intervention appropriate to their condition.
Social Protection: believes that if society is unwilling or unable to improve offenders or reform social conditions, protection from further deviance is necessary by incarceration or execution.

8. Formal Sanctions
Formal sanctions are applied in a public setting. E.g., awarding a prize (positive), announcing a fine (negative).

9. Informal Sanctions
Actions by groups/individuals that arise spontaneously with little or no formal direction. E.g., smiles, handshakes (positive); frowns, gossip, impolite treatment (negative).