1. ? ? ? ? ? ? Too Many People? How do we fix this? Population control?
? ? ? ? ? ?
Too Many People?
How do we fix this?
Population control?
Education of women?
Anti – Poverty measures?

2. ? ? ? ? ? ?
What do we need to know?
How do we know what we DO know?

3. ? ? ? ? ? ? And… How reliable is our information?
? ? ? ? ? ?
And…
How reliable is our information?
Is it equally reliable wherever it is collected?

4. Census

5. A little history… 1740- First national census in Sweden
1790 – First US census – first to hire enumerators
A little history…

6. We need to look at
the variables…

7. + World- wide range Basic Comprehensive # of people in household Age
Gender +
Education
Religion
Language
Nationality
Occupation
Home ownership
possessions

8. So why are all censuses not of equal value in helping to determine population issues?

9. Factors that affect census data…
Is this an LEDC or an MEDC?
How big (geographically) is this country?
What is the literacy rate in this country?

10. How accurate is ANY census?

11. Factors leading to inaccuracies:
Homelessness
Refusal to cooperate
Enumerators fear of entering dangerous neighbourhoods
Isolated populations
People missed due to travel, hospital stays, military service, school etc.

12. Reasons for inaccuracies cont…
Privacy – especially around economic issues or race, religion or ethnicity
Suspicions of economic penalty – e.g. higher taxes
And that’s not all…

13. Different countries interpret Urban (city) and Rural (country) differently

14. Governments and government agencies use data to plan for:
Health care
Infrastructure
Education
Future economic well-being of citizens
Poverty reduction plans

15. Poorly drawn political boundaries – fewer elected officials than place may be entitled to
Lower funding levels than an area is entitled to
Inadequate information on homeless people leading to inadequate allocation of funds to help
Poor economic policies based on growth rates etc.

16. What we can learn about a country and what matters most to demographers
Size of populations
Rate and direction of change

17. What affects population change from year to year?

18. What affects population changes…
# births
# deaths
Movement in
Movement out

19. Births and Deaths…

20. Birth rate (BR) Live births per 1,000 people per year
e.g. 12/1000 (for every 1,000, 12 people born)

21. Influences on Birth Rate
# of women in total population
Range of ages of women
Culture and religion (some favour large families)
Or boys preferable to girls
Health care for mothers and infants (greater survival rates = fewer children)

22. Influences on Birth Rate cont.
Economic status and education
Patriarchal societies
LEDC populations rely on income from multiple family members
Access to contraception
Government policies – bans and incentives

23. Death rates (also known as mortality rates): Factors that Influence:
Deaths per 1,000 people per year
Access to medical services
Economic development
War and environmental disasters
Education
Access to adequate food and clean water
More kids means higher risk of death in LDC’s
(also dangerous for mothers in LDC’s)

24. Rate of Natural Increase or RNI
# of people born for every 1,000 people
(Often called CBR - Crude Birth Rate )
Minus
# of people who die in a year
(Crude death rate – CDR or DR)

25. Rate of Natural Increaseor
RNI

26. Wait… there’s more… RNI is always shown as a percentage soooooo….
EXAMPLE:
BR / 1000
minus DR / 1000
= / 1000
(convert here to 100 to get percentage = 0.34/100 or 0.34% )

27. * Exponential growth
development at an increasingly rapid rate in proportion to the growing total number or size;
 a constant rate of growth applied to a continuously growing base over a period of time

28. CONT…
* Exponential growth
development at an increasingly rapid rate in proportion to the growing total number or size;
 a constant rate of growth applied to a continuously growing base over a period of time