1. Revolutionary China

2. Old China’s Problems Troubles at home
Peasant farmers angry about losing ownership of their farms
Bandits roamed countryside
Hunger
Angry people organized into rebel armies tried to overthrow government

3. Old China’s Problems China and the West
European nations wanted to end China’s restrictions on trade
Nations could only trade at Canton
European nations wanted to expand trade to all ports on the China coast

4. Old China’s Problems-continued
China and the West-continued
British tried to increase trade of opium, but Chinese cracked down on trade
British defeated Chinese in “Opium War”
European nations gained special rights in China
Claimed “spheres of influence”
Areas where foreigners could open mines, build railways, and conduct other business with little Chinese interference

5. Old China’s Problems-continued
China and the West-continued
Foreigners won other rights
Travel and live in China without being subjected to Chinese laws
Built naval bases on Chinese soil
China reduced to semi-colonial status
Giving up much of its powers to other nations

6. Historical Figures Sun Yat-sen
First national leader after fall of Qing government
Wanted to build a strong modern nation by blending Chinese and Western ideas about government
3 Principles of the People
Nationalism, democracy, and livelihood
3 Principles became organizing ideas for a modern Nationalist Party

7. Historical Figures-continued
Chiang Kai-Shek
Leader of Nationalist Party after Sun Yat-sen’s death
Formed a new government with 2 goals
Establish a strong foundation for his government
Destroy the Chinese Communist Party
Successes
Ended some of special rights of foreigners
Regained authority in China

8. Historical Figures-continued
Mao Zedong
Opposition leader to Chiang’s new government
Member of Chinese Communist Party
Overthrew Chiang’s government
Declared the birth of the People’s Republic
Chiang reestablished his government in Taiwan

9. Historical Figures-continued
Mao Zedong
Wanted to remake Chinese political, social, and economic life through communism
Wanted to make China a modern industrial nation
Proposed “Great Leap Forward”
Called for China to build new factories and change the agriculture system
Proposal was a failure

10. Mao Zedong and Modern China
Communist ideas
Replaced Confucian ideas
Destroyed old social order that placed some people above others
Women declared as men’s equal
Loyalty to communism more important than filial piety

11. Mao Zedong and Modern China-continued
Cultural Revolution
Mao attacked the Four Olds
Old ideas, culture, customs, and habits
Mao brought education, art, and literature in line with communism
Thousands of art work, books, and temples destroyed
Under communism, workers and farmers were glorified in posters

12. Chinese Education Most young Chinese attend primary school
Government simplified Chinese characters
Introduced the roman alphabet
Children attend school Monday-Friday, and ½ day on Saturday
Study reading, arithmetic, science, politeness, discipline, and respect
Government assigns graduates to jobs

13. Vocabulary Opium: drug that can be used for medicine
Spheres of influence: areas where foreigners could open mines, build railways, and conduct other business with little Chinese interference

14. Vocabulary-continued
Semi-colonial status: giving up much of its power to other nations
Junks: flat-bottomed fishing vessels where many families live and make their living
Revolution: overthrow of an existing government by those subject to it