1. The Three Colonial Sections
New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies

2. Opportunities In A New World
Forests were thick with timber for ships’ masts and lumber
The soils of Virginia and the Carolinas were rich for growing tobacco and rice
The New England seacoast invited the forming of a great mercantile and seafaring culture
Fish banks teemed with abundance in the areas of Newfoundland
Land was of a great amount; agriculture, start a life over, and to settle religious and political communities free from European traditions

3. Mercantilism:
Most European Kings adopted this economic policy- looked at trade, colonies, and the accumulation of wealth as a basis for a country’s military and political strength
Acts of Trade and Navigation ( ) established three rules
Trade could only be carried by English or colonial built ships which were operated by only English or colonial crews
All goods must pass through English ports in England
Specified or enumerated goods from the colonies could be exported to England only (tobacco)

4. Impact on the Colonies Positive effects:
New England ship building prospered
Chesapeake tobacco had a monopoly in England
English military protected colonies
Negative Effects:
Colonial manufacturing severely limited
Chesapeake farmers received lower prices for their crops
Colonists had to pay higher prices for manufactured goods from England

5. Salutary Neglect
England viewed the colonies as a part of a commercial and territorial empire
Granted lands to courtier proprietors
Navigation Acts and Dominion of New England legislated control
Colonists were aware of position in the empire
Colonies began to form societies of their own
Ultimately, the colonies governed themselves until the late 18th century
Oil on Canvas depicting English transports unloading colonial goods

6. New England Massachusetts (1628)/Plymouth (1620)/Maine (1623)
New Hampshire (1623)
Connecticut (1635)
Rhode Island (1636)
A Map of New England, ca John Seller was a pioneering British publisher of nautical charts. Seller's map of New England, which was first published sometime between 1666 and 1674, is the first printed British map of the New York area not entirely dependent on Dutch prototypes.

7. Life in New England Village life:
communities duplicated physical arrangement of English villages
Homes close together in the village
Attendance at church required
Decisions made in town meetings
Education:
A well-educated region
Harvard established in 1636
Massachusetts had free elementary schools

8. New England’s Economy
Dependent on England for manufactured goods such as clothing, firearms, clocks, compasses
Drank oceans of tea imported through the East India Company in London
Trade imbalance developed because they did not grow staples which could be traded
Port of Boston serviced ships per year
Developed trade with the West Indies: supplied wooden containers for sugarcane growers to ship their sugar to Europe

9. New England’s Economy continued…
Fishing expanded and commercialized after 1715
Imported West Indian molasses to produce rum
English government put tax on molasses – the Sugar Act of 1733, but colonists ignored this and smuggled it in or bribed officials
Late 17th century fishing vessel. Ships such as this one often frequented the coastal waters around the island of Newfoundland on a seasonal basis during the 17th and 18th centuries.

10. The Middle Colonies New York (1631 by Dutch) Delaware (1638)
New Jersey (1664)
Pennsylvania (1681)

11. Life in the Middle Colonies
Section with the greatest ethnic diversity
German immigrants settled in the back country of Pennsylvania
choicest lands
grew wheat: the second major crop of the colonies
described as frugal, orderly, peaceful
Scotch-Irish settle in the back country as well
raised cattle and corn
described as quick-tempered, impetuous, freedom-loving
Developed small-scale production of tools and other equipment (domestic)
Development of production for trade in international markets

12. The Southern Colonies Virginia (1607) Maryland (1634)
North Carolina (1653)
South Carolina (1670)
Georgia (1733)

13. Life in the Southern Colonies
Farms and plantations dominated the South; major urban areas included Charleston and Savannah
Virginia and Carolina would be dominated by a prosperous gentry class
Virginia and Maryland would prosper from the growing of tobacco
Maryland, North Carolina, and Georgia were all created as havens from conformity
Maryland as a refuge for Catholics
North Carolina for poverty-stricken outcasts and religious dissenters from Virginia
Georgia as a haven for those who had been imprisoned for debt

14. Increased Demand For Slaves
Reduced migration: increases in wages in England reduced supply of immigrants to colonies
Dependable work force: Large-plantation owners were disturbed by the political demands of small farmers and indentured servants (Bacon’s Rebellion)
Cheap labor: As tobacco prices fell, rice and indigo became the most profitable crops (to grow these crops they needed large tracts of land and large inexpensive unskilled labors

15. Slavery in the South
Indians were used as slaves in some places such as the Carolinas
African slaves were introduced into Virginia in 1619
Laws were passed (Massachusetts and Virginia) that recognized the slavery of lawful captives-children inherited their slaves
Developed slowly at first; became more widespread in the 1680s when it became legal and easy to buy large tracts of land and increased slave trade (Competitors) had lowered prices for slaves
The Royal African Company monopolized the slave trade throughout most of the 17th Century
The Middle Passage along the slave trade of the Triangular Trade Network became infamous for death, disease, and loss of African slave lives
African slaves in route to slave ship bound for the New World