1. Non-Communicable Diseases Unit Lesson 3
Diabetes
Non-Communicable Diseases Unit
Lesson 3

2. General Facts
Approximately 18 million people in the U.S. (American Diabetes Association)
8 million do not yet know they have diabetes
Is not contagious
Cannot get diabetes from eating too much sugar

3. General Facts Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) Insulin
A disease in which the body produces little or no insulin
Insulin
The hormone that regulates the blood sugar level
Released by the pancreas

4. General Facts Insulin helps sugar from food get into the body cells
If the body does not make enough insulin or it does not work properly, the sugar cannot get into our body cells – it stays in the blood.

5. Risk Factors for Diabetes
Being overweight and/or obese
Being female
Having a family history of diabetes
Being 40 years of age or older
Which factors can you control?
How can you reduce your risk of diabetes?

6. Types of Diabetes Three types 1. Insulin-dependent (Type I Diabetes)
2. Non-insulin dependent (Type II Diabetes)
3. Gestational diabetes

7. Insulin-Dependent – Type I Diabetes
Type of diabetes in which the body produces little or no insulin
Considered autoimmune disease
Immune system produces antibodies that turn against the body’s own cells
Immune system attacks and destroys cells that produce insulin

8. Insulin-Dependent – Type I Diabetes
5-10% of people who have diabetes have Type I
Appears suddenly – progresses quickly
Daily injections of insulin; special diet
Symptoms:
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Constant hunger
Weight loss
Blurred vision
Extreme tiredness

9. Non-Insulin Dependent – Type II
Type of diabetes where the body produces insulin, but it cannot be used by cells
Most common type of diabetes (approx % of people with diabetes have Type II)
Onset is gradual, symptoms not as noticeable as Type I

10. Non-Insulin Dependent – Type II
Symptoms:
Tired feeling
Frequent urination
Unusual thirst
Weight loss
Blurred vision
Frequent infections
Slow healing of sores

11. Non-Insulin Dependent – Type II
About 80% of people with Type II diabetes are overweight.
More prevalent today in children and adolescents  CHILDHOOD OBESITY 

12. Non-Insulin Dependent – Type II
Treatment
Weight loss diet
Physical activity
Oral medications

13. Gestational Diabetes Occurs in some females during pregnancy
Insulin produced – body does not respond
Resistance caused by hormones produced by the placenta
Treated with diet
Usually disappears after the birth of the baby

14. Managing Diabetes Monitor blood glucose levels Type I Diabetics
Blood testing kits
Type I Diabetics
Daily injections of insulin to keep blood glucose levels safe
Oral medications
Losing/managing weight
Physical activity

15. Complications
If left untreated or not cared for, diabetes can lead to:
Blindness
Heart disease
Stroke
Kidney failure
Loss of circulation to the limbs
Nerve damage
Premature death