1. Warmup: March 17 2014 What is ecology? Copy the definitions:
The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Interactions can take place between living (BIOTIC) and nonliving(ABIOTIC) things.

2. Levels of Organization in Ecology
Organism – an individual
Population – a group of organisms of the same species that live in the same place at the same time.
Community – a collection of interacting populations
Ecosystem – interactions of living and nonliving things in the community

3. Ecology Terms: Environment
means all the conditions that surround any living organism, both the other living things and the non-living things or physical surroundings.
A Habitat-
means all the members of a single species that live in a habitat,
means all the populations of different organisms living together in a habitat
refers to a community of animals, plants and micro-organisms, together with the habitat where they live.
A place where plants and animals live
Populations
Community
Ecosystem

4. Organism

5. Population

6. Community

7. Ecosystem

8. Distribution of organisms:
Living organisms are NOT evenly distributed around the world. But are adapted to live in particular __________________________.
Factors that affect the habitat:
______________- temperature range and rainfall allow a variety of species to live in a center area.
We can group together ecosystems adapted to climate conditions into global ecological regions called______________________________.
III. Major Biomes:
In relationship to biomes and climate:
Habitat
Climate
BIOMES

9. Tundra
Taiga
Mountain
Temperate
Forest
Hot grassland; savannah
Tropical
Rainforest
Desert

10. Abiotic Factors Nonliving parts of environment Sunlight Temperature
Water content of Soil
Humus content of soil
Soil pH & nutrient levels
Rainfall levels and rate of water flow
Dissolved oxygen
levels
Pollutant concentrations

11. Biotic Factors All the living organisms- which include these examples:
producers
Consumers and predators
The number & types of competitors for light, food, space,
Shelter, or mating opportunities
The pathogens and parasites
The number & type of insects species
The number & type of decomposers and
The level of species diversity

12. How organisms obtain energy
Producers – can make own food; usually use energy from the sun (photosynthesis)
6CO2 + 12H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
Consumers – must eat other organisms; cannot make own food

13. Different Types of Consumers
Herbivore – eat only plants
Carnivore – eat only animals
Omnivore – eat both plants and animals
Decomposer – break down and absorb nutrients of dead plants and animals
Scavenger – eat rotting flesh (like road kill)

14. Food Chain Shows how matter and energy move through ecosystem
Arrows indicate flow of energy
Only a portion of original energy is passed on to other organisms in chain (10% each link)
Example:
Algae  Fish  Heron

15. Food Web Made up of many food chains
Shows all possible feeding relationships in a community
More realistic than a food chain, because most animals eat more than one thing.

16. Energy Pyramid

17. Light: photosynthesis water Nutrients and Minerals
1. _______________________
2. _______________________
3. _______________________
1. __________________________
2. __________________________
3. __________________________
4. __________________________
Light: photosynthesis
water
Nutrients and Minerals
food
water
mates
shelter

18. Ch 19 section 3 pg 663 interdependent Predator and prey species Prey
GROWs
REDUCE

19. Symbiosis
Symbiosis
Barnacles
Commensalism

20. Lichens
Mutualism
tapeworm
Parasitism
KILL

21. Ecology Interdependence of Organisms
Let’s check for understanding!

22. Question 1 Which of these does not belong to the group? Consumer Human
Fish
Plant

23. Question 2 All energy transformations in an ecosystem begin with --
A scavenger
A decomposer
The Sun
An herbivore

24. Question 3
In a food chain, which are the most efficient users of solar energy?
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Scavengers

25. Question 4

26. Identify the: 1. Producers 2. Primary Consumers 3. Secondary Consumers
2. Primary Consumers
3. Secondary Consumers
4. Herbivores
5. Carnivores
6. Omnivores
Plants, berries, leaves, nuts
Grasshopper, squirrel
Frog, mouse, rabbit
Squirrel, grasshopper, rabbit
Fox, frog, owl snake
mouse