1. CSNB COMPUTER SYSTEM
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CSNB153 computer system

2. Graphics and Multimedia
Introduction
A Computer....
takes input
processes it according to stored instructions
produces results as output
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Graphics and Multimedia

3. Graphics and Multimedia
Introduction
The word computer was taken from the Latin – Computare – which means ‘calculate’ .
Computer is a machine that only can execute instructions that given by the user and operate the data base on the related instruction. The computer will process the data to produce information .
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Graphics and Multimedia

4. Computer Special Purpose (Embedded system) General Purpose
(User Programmable)
Preprogrammed
Can be adapted to many situations
Watches
Traffic Signals
Workstation PC
Engine Management
Television
Mainframe
Supercomputer
Telephones
Etc…
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Graphics and Multimedia

5. This course is about: Not: What computers consist of
How computers work
How they are organized internally
What are the design tradeoffs
How design affects programming and applications
Not:
How to fix computers
How to build myself one real cheap
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6. What is Computer Organization?
Electronic
Devices
Desired
Behavior
… a very wide semantic gap between the intended behavior and the workings of the underlying electronic devices that will actually do all the work.
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Graphics and Multimedia

7. Role of General Purpose Computers
Organization &
architecture
software
Electronic
Devices
General
Purpose
Computer
Desired
Behavior
A general purpose computer is like an island that helps span the gap between the desired behavior (application) and the basic building blocks (electronic devices).
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Graphics and Multimedia

8. Systems and Networking
Architecture
Organization
Attributes visible to the programmer or those attributes has direct impact on logical execution of a program
Instruction set
Number of bits used for data representation
I/O mechanisms
Addressing techniques
Compatibility - Sharing basic architecture
Intel x86 family
IBM system / 370 family
Implementing the features- operational units and their interconnection
Control signals
Interfaces
Memory technology
Organization differs between versions
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Systems and Networking

9. Structure Function Method in which components relates to each other
how each component/unit of computer communicates with each other
Operation of individual components as part of the structure
4 computer functions
Data movement
Control
Data storage
Data processing
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10. Functional View Operating Environment (source and destination of data)
Data Storage Facility
Operating Environment
(source and destination of data)
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Figure 1: Four computer functions
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11. Systems and Networking
Process data – the computer should be able to process data
Store data – Even the computer is on the fly, data come in and get processed and the result go out immediately, the computer must store data temporarily at any given moment.
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Systems and Networking

12. Graphics and Multimedia
Move data – The computer must be able to move data between itself and the outside world. When data are received and delivered to a device that is directly connected the a computer the process is known as I/O
Control – Finally there must be a control of these three functions. Within the computer, a control unit manages the resources and coordinates the performance of its functional parts in response to the instruction.
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Graphics and Multimedia

13. a) Data Movement Operating Environment
Data Storage Facility
Operating Environment
(source and destination of data)
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Figure 2: Four computer functions – Data Movement
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14. b) Storage Operating Environment (source and destination of data)
Data Storage Facility
Operating Environment
(source and destination of data)
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Figure 3: Four computer functions - Storage
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15. c) Processing - Storage
Data Storage Facility
Operating Environment
(source and destination of data)
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Figure 4: Four computer functions – Processing from/to Storage
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16. d) Processing: Storage – I/O
Data Storage Facility
Operating Environment
(source and destination of data)
Data Movement Apparatus
Control Mechanism
Data Processing Facility
Figure 5: Four computer functions – Storage to I/O
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17. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Structure – Top Level
Recap: Method in which components relates to each other
Computer
Peripherals
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Main Memory
Computer
Systems
Interconnection
(example : system bus)
Input Output
Communication
lines
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18. Graphics and Multimedia
Central Processing Unit To process data and control the computer operations.
Main Memory To keep data during process.
Systems Interconnection The mechanism which is use to communicate between CPU, main memory and I/O.
Input Output To move data and information between computer and external environment
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Graphics and Multimedia

19. Structure – Computer > CPU
Main Memory
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Registers
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Systems
Interconnection
Internal CPU Interconnection
Input Output
Control Unit
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20. Structure – Computer > CPU
Registers : Provide storage internal to the CPU
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) : Performs the computer’s data processing functions
Control Unit : Control the operations of the CPU
CPU Interconnections : provide mechanism for communication among CU, ALU and registers
Registers
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Internal CPU Interconnection
Control Unit
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