1. EKT 422 Computer Architecture
Chapter 1 Introduction

2. What is Computer Architecture ???
Building Architecture = Structural Design
( Civil Engineer)
Computer Architecture = Circuit Design
( Electronic Base Engineer)

3. Architecture & Organization 1
Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer
Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques.
e.g. Is there a multiply instruction?
Organization is how features are implemented
Control signals, interfaces, memory technology.
e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition?

4. Computer Architecture Abstraction
Software Abstraction
Hardware Abstraction

5. Software Abstraction Layer
Compiler
int sum (int x, int y) {
int t = x +y;
return t; }
Machine Code
0x55
0x54
0x64
0xF6
…..
0xFF
Assembler
_sum:
pushl %ebp
movl %esp,%ebp
add1 8 %esp, %exp
…..
ret

6. Hardware Abstraction Layer

7. Architecture & Organization 2
All Intel x86 family share the same basic architecture
The IBM System/370 family share the same basic architecture
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards
Organization differs between different versions

8. Intel Core i5 vs Core i7 architecture

9. Smart Phone Architecture

10. Structure & Function
Structure is the way in which components relate to each other
Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure

11. All computer functions are:
Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control

12. Functional View

13. Operations (a) Data movement

14. Operations (b) Storage

15. Operation (c) Processing from/to storage

16. Operation (d) Processing from storage to I/O

17. Structure - Top Level Computer Peripherals Central Main Processing
Unit
Main
Memory
Computer
Systems
Interconnection
Input
Output
Communication
lines

18. Structure - The CPU CPU Arithmetic Computer and Registers Login Unit
I/O
System
Bus
CPU
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Memory
Control
Unit

19. Structure - The Control Unit
CPU
Sequencing
Login
ALU
Control
Unit
Internal
Bus
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Registers
Control
Memory

20. Outline of the Book (1)
Computer Evolution and Performance
Computer Interconnection Structures
Internal Memory
External Memory
Input/Output
Operating Systems Support
Computer Arithmetic
Instruction Sets

21. Outline of the Book (2)
CPU Structure and Function
Reduced Instruction Set Computers
Superscalar Processors
Control Unit Operation
Microprogrammed Control
Multiprocessors and Vector Processing
Digital Logic (Appendix)

22. Internet Resources - Web site for book
links to sites of interest
links to sites for courses that use the book
errata list for book
information on other books by W. Stallings
Math
How-to
Research resources
Misc

23. Internet Resources - Web sites to look for
WWW Computer Architecture Home Page
CPU Info Center
Processor Emporium
ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture
IEEE Technical Committee on Computer Architecture
Intel Technology Journal
Manufacturer’s sites
Intel, IBM, etc.

24. Internet Resources - Usenet News Groups
comp.arch
comp.arch.arithmetic
comp.arch.storage
comp.parallel