2. Renaissance Means REBIRTH Rebirth of art and learning
Began in northern Italy

3. Economic Foundations Increased demand for Middle Eastern products
Encouraged the use of credit and banking
Letters of credit expanded supply of money and sped up trade.
New accounting and bookkeeping practices used Arabic numerals

4. Italy Italian city-states became rich from trade:
Florence
Venice
Genoa
They were trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe.
Independent city-states governed as republics by wealthy merchants.

5. Major Italian Cities Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Genoa
Milan
One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.
Milan
Venice
Venice
Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world.
Genoa
Florence
Florence
Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts.
Adriatic Sea
Genoa
Had Access to Trade Routes
Tyrrhenian Sea
All of these cities:
Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets
• Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe
• Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

6. Art and Literature
Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and salvation.
Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with Christianity.

7. Artists and Writers Artists Writers Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo
Petrarch

8. Leonardo da Vinci Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Handsome, athletic, singer, artist, scientist, inventor

10. Michelangelo
Painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David
Sculptor, painter, architect, poet

11. Sistine Chapel

12. The Sistine Chapel Ceiling

13. Pieta
David

14. Humanism Celebrated the individual
Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture
Humanists were supported by PATRONS who were very wealthy
The Vitruvian Man – 1492

15. Niccolo Machiavelli Wrote The Prince
guidelines for how to get power by absolute rule.
Believed the ends justified the means
One should do good if possible, but do evil when necessary.

16. Florence Under the Medici
Medici Chapel
The Medici Palace

17. Northern Renaissance
With the rise of trade, travel and literacy, the Italian Renaissance spread to northern Europe.
The art and literature changed as people of different cultures adopted Renaissance ideas.

18. Northern Renaissance Writers
Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511)
Critical of corrupt church practices
Catalyst for Protestant Reformation

19. Northern Renaissance Writers
Sir Thomas More —Utopia (1516)
Depicts world with perfect social, legal and political system
Leading humanist scholar

20. Borja Pope – Alexander VI
Most Controversial Renaissance Pope
Pontificate of nepotism, greed, ruthlessness, murder
Mistress – Giovanna dei Cattanei
Bought his way into the papacy
"Never have mercy for those who won't help themselves"

21. Children – Giovanni - Duke of Gandia Cesare - murder and mayhem
Possibly killed by Cesare
Cesare - murder and mayhem
Inspiration for The Prince
Lucrezia – married sforza
Gioffre (Jofre) – Sancia of Aragon (had affair with Giovanni and Cesare)

22. Pope Leo X with Cardinal Giulio deMedici and Luigi De Rossi by Raphael, 1518-1519
A Medici Pope.
He went through the Vatican treasury in a year!
His extravagances offended even some cardinals [as well as Martin Luther!].
Started selling indulgences.