1. A slightly gayer version of the US move to Constitutionalism
English Constitutional Monarchy
A slightly gayer version of the US move to Constitutionalism

2. Background
( )

4. Magna Carta, 1215 A list of demands made by the nobility..
Established principles which limited the power of the king:
Established basic legal rights.
The king must ask for popular consent for taxes.
Accused must have jury trial.

5. Model Parliament, 1295
King Edward I brought his military leaders and nobility together as a Parliament to ask their consent to new taxes.
Established the principle of parliamentary “power of the purse.”

7. The Elizabethan “Bargain”
Parliament:
Would have the power to tax.
Can debate and amend disputed bills.
The Monarch:
Had the royal prerogative [right/choice] on foreign policy.

9. The Early Stuarts
( )

10. The Stuart Monarchy

11. James I [r. 1603-1625] James I’s speech to the House of Commons:
I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of!

12. James I [r. 1603-1625] Divine Right Quickly alienated Parliament
Puritans didn’t like him
Buckingham
Catholic?
Debt and Taxes

14. Gunpowder Plot, 1605
An attempt by some provincial Catholics to kill King James I and most of the Protestant aristocracy.
Blow up the House of Lords during the state opening of Parliament.
Guy Fawkes

15. Guy Fawkes “Remember, remember the fifth of November,
The gunpowder, treason and plot,
I know of no reason
Why the gunpowder treason
Should ever be forgot.”

17. Executions of the Gunpowder Plotters

18. King James Bible, 1611

19. Charles I & Parliament1625-1649
Divine Right
Constantly at war with Spain and France.
Usually Parliament would give Charles $ from taxes to fund his wars.

21. Charles I [r. 1625-1649] Pro-ceremonies and rituals.
Uniformity of church services imposed by a church court.
Anglican Book of Common Prayer for both England AND Scotland.
Seen as too pro-Catholic by the Puritans.

22. Archbishop William Laud

23. The Petition of Right 1628
In return for money to fund his wars, Charles I agreed:
No imprisonment without due cause.
No taxation without Parliament’s consent.
No putting soldiers in private homes.
No martial law during peacetime.

25. Mo Money Mo Problems Self Rule-1629-1640
Forced “loans”, selling titles
Ship Money Assessments-1636
Coastal defenses
Inland

26. Ship Money Assessments, 1636 [per square mile]

27. The “Short” Parliament
Rebellion in Scotland over Laud and prayer book
Charles need $ war
Calls Parliament into session in 1640
Charles dismisses them after 3 weeks.

28. The “Long” Parliament In session from 1640 to 1660. Laud executed.
Triennial Act
Parliament can’t be adjourned without its own consent!
Tries to Arrest John Pym
Charles heads north to form an army!

29. The Civil War
( )

30. Royalists (Cavaliers) Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
Civil War ( )
Royalists (Cavaliers)
Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
House of Lords
N & W England
Aristocracy
Large landowners
Church officials
More rural
House of Commons
S & E England
Puritans
Merchants
Townspeople
More urban

31. Allegiance of Members of the Long Parliament
( )

32. Oliver Cromwell [ ]
Officer of the Parliamentary army [cavalry]  the New Model Army.
Led the army that defeated royal forces and now controlled the government.
He wore…a plain cloth-suit, which seemed to have been made by a poor tailor; his shirt was plain, and not very clean; and I remember a speck or two of blood upon his collar…his face was swollen and red, his voice sharp and untunable, and his speech full of passion. [Sir Philip Warwick, a Royalist, 1640]

34. The English Civil War: 1642-1645

35. The Battle of Naseby 1645
Charles I is defeated at Marston Moor, Naseby, and Preston.
He is handed over to Parliament.

36. The Interregnum
( )

37. The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]
The Commonwealth ( )
The Protectorate ( )

38. The Coat of Arms & the Flag of the Commonwealth

39. Pride’s Purge, 1648
Cromwell purges the House of Commons of moderates [anyone who isn’t anti-monarchy].
The results is the “Rump” Parliament.

40. The vote by the Rump Parliament was 68-67.
Regicide: Beheading of Charles I, 1649
The vote by the Rump Parliament was

41. The Puritan Commonwealth [1649-1653]
Cromwell rules with the Rump Parliament.
Constitutional Republic
No monarch.
No Lords
Cromwell in Charge
Europe is appalled  other nations don’t recognize it.

42. Cromwell Dissolves the “Rump” Parliament in 1653

43. The Protectorate [1653-1660] No Constitution and No Parliament
Declares martial law.
Military dictator.
Religious tolerance- Hey Jews!
Crushes a rebellion in Scotland.
Crushes a rebellion among the Catholics of Ireland  kills 40% of all ethnic Irish!

44. Ulster Plantation Established Under King James I

45. Ulster Plantation:

46. % Of Land Owned by Catholics in Ireland [in green]

47. Cromwell—Lord Protector or King??
Cromwell dies in 1658 and his son, Richard, takes over, but is weak and lasts for only two years.

48. The Restoration
( )
Parliament could no more exist without the Crown than the Crown without Parliament. This was the most important lesson of the English Civil War!

49. King Charles II [r ]
Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels closed during the Restoration.
Favored religious toleration.
Whigs and Tories

50. King Charles II [r ]
1661  “Cavalier” Parliament [filled with Royalists]
Disbanded the Puritan army.
Pardoned most Puritan rebels.
Restored the authority of the Church of England.
1662  Clarendon Code [Act of Uniformity]
All clergy & church officials had to conform to the Anglican Book of Common Prayer and 39 articles.
It forbade “non-conformists” to worship publicly, teach their faith, or attend English universities.

51. Great London Plague, 1665

52. Great London Fire, 1666

53. King Charles II [r. 1660-1685] 1672 Act of Indulgence 1673  Test Act
1679  Habeas Corpus Act
Act of Exclusion

54. 1665 – 1667: Second Anglo-Dutch War
Charles II’s Foreign Policy
1665 – 1667: Second Anglo-Dutch War
To Charles II, Louis XIV is an ideal ally against the Dutch.
1670  Treaty of Dover

55. King James II [r ]
Catholic and arrogant

56. King James II [r. 1685-1688] Catholics everywhere: Military and Gov
Camped a standing army a few miles outside of London.
Claimed the power to suspend or dispense with Acts of Parliament.
1687  Declaration of Indulgence
He extended religious toleration without Parliament’s approval or support.

57. The Glorious Revolution
1688

58. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688
William and Mary
He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV.
He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.
Bill of Rights and Act of Toleration

60. English Bill of Rights [1689]

61. English Bill of Rights [1689]
Main provisions:
The King could not suspend the operation of laws.
The King could not interfere with the ordinary course of justice.
No taxes levied or standard army maintained in peacetime without Parliament’s consent.
Freedom of speech in Parliament.
Sessions of Parliament would be held frequently.
Subjects had the right of bail, petition, and freedom from excessive fines and cruel and unusual punishment.
The monarch must be a Protestant.
Freedom from arbitrary arrest.
Censorship of the press was dropped.
Religious toleration.

62. Act of Settlement 1701
House of Hanover- George