1. AIM: What is the goal of Differentiation?

2. I. Differentiation’s ultimate goal…
An embryo with many different types of cells

3. II. Stem Cells
Stem cells are embryonic cells that can turn into any type of cell in the body

4. III. How can stem cells help us?
Can be used to make any type of cell that needs to be replaced in our bodies

5. IV. Are stem cells only embryonic?
No, there are some adult stem cells, but they don’t have the potential to become every kind of cell

6. Why is the use of stem cells so controversial?
They are often taken from fetuses.
Opponents believe that you are killing a life.

7. V. Girls Secondary Sex Characteristics
Hips widen
Pubic Hair
Breast development
Due to the hormones estrogen
and progesterone.

8. VI. Boys Secondary Sex Characteristics
Voice Deepens
Facial Hair
Muscular Development
Pubic Hair
Due to the hormone Testosterone.

9. VII. Hormonal Regulation of the Testes:
Beginning at puberty, the pituitary gland secretes
FSH & LH.
The rising levels of these hormones stimulate the testes to produce testosterone.
Testosterone stimulates the production of sperm.

10. The process of a sperm joining an egg is called ____________________.
*STUDY QUESTIONS:
Fertilization
The process of a sperm joining an egg is called
____________________.
2. Is the following sentence true or false? A fertilized
egg is known as a zygote. _________
Fertilization
TRUE

11. Early Development
Match each term with its definition.
Term Definition
3. __ Morula a. Organ that nourishes the embryo
4. __ Blastocyst b. Name of embryo when it is a solid ball of about 64
cells
5. __ Implantation c. Name of morula when it is a hollow ball of cells
6. __ Gastrulation d. Membrane that surrounds and protects the
embryo
7. __ Amnion e. Process in which the blastocyst attaches to the
wall of the uterus
8. __ Placenta f. Process of cell migration that produces three cell
layers B C E F D A

12. 9. Is the following sentence true or false
9. Is the following sentence true or false? The first few cell divisions take place
in the Fallopian tube. ____________
TRUE
10. After eight weeks of development, the embryo is called a(an)
FETUS
11. Is the following sentence true or false? Most of the major organs and
tissues are fully formed by the end of three months of development.
TRUE – 1ST TRIMESTER
ALSO: UMBILIC CORD, MUSCLES, REFLEXES, AMNION

13. Later Development
13. What changes occur during the last three months of fetal
development?
__________________________________________________
FETUS DOUBLES IN SIZE, LUNGS FORMING, DREAMS, PREMATURE IF BORN BEFORE 8TH MONTH

14. Childbirth
14. Is the following sentence true or false? The process of childbirth begins when the hormone calcitonin is released from the posterior pituitary gland. _________
15. The series of rhythmic contractions of the uterine wall that force the baby out through the vagina is known as _____________.
16. What stimulates the production of milk in the breast tissues of the
mother? ______________________
Multiple Births
17. If two eggs are released and fertilized by two different sperm, ____________ twins result.
18. If a single zygote splits apart to produce two embryos, _______________twins result.
FALSE -OXYTOCIN
LABOR
OXYTOCIN
FRATERNAL
IDENTICAL