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Basic body planes and sections
Anatomy and Physiology Basic body planes and sections
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Basic body planes and sections
Body sections are necessary to look at the internal structures of the body. When a section is made through the body wall or through an organ, it is made along an imaginary line called plane. The body has three types of planes or sections.
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Body Sections The most frequently used body planes are sagittal, frontal and transverse which are at right angles to each other. 1. A sagittal section divides the body into right and left portions. If it passes along the midline and divides the body into equal parts it is a median or midsagittal section. 2. A transverse section divides the body into superior and inferior portions. It is often called a “cross section”. 3. A coronal or frontal section divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
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These terms are used for planes or sections that cut the body, organs, tissues, or cells
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Midsagital (Median) Frontal (coronal) Transverse
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Transverse Midsagital (Median) Frontal (coronal)
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Example of how planes would cut the brain
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MRI Abdomen Anatomy
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Example of how planes would cut the body
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Body Cavities
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Dorsal body cavity Dorsal body cavity is divided into a cranial cavity which encases the brain, and the vertebral cavity which encases the spinal cord.
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Ventral body cavity The ventral body cavity houses the visceral organs
The ventral body cavity is divided into the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
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Thoracic Cavity The thoracic cavity is surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest It is further divided into pleural cavities mediastinum pericardial
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Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity lies below a dome-shaped muscle, the diaphragm It is further divided into . Abdominal cavity Stomach, intestines, liver Pelvic cavity Bladder, rectum, and some reproductive organs
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Body regions The abdominal area can be divided into nine regions – epigastric, right and left hypochondriac, umbilical, right and left lumbar, hypogastric, and right and left inguinal or iliac 16
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Body regions, cont The abdominal area can also be divided into four quadrants – right and left upper quadrants and right and left lower quadrants. 17
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Abdominopelvic Major Organs
Anterior view of the ventral body cavities showing superficial organs.
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