1. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR (APRIL-AUGUST, 1898)
CHAPTER 10, SECTION 2 NOTES
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
(APRIL-AUGUST, 1898)

2. AMERICAN INTEREST IN CUBA
Cuba lies 90 miles south of Florida
1886-Cuba is controlled by Spain
American businessmen began investing millions of dollars in large sugar cane plantations on the island.

4. Cubans wanted their independence from Spain
Native Cubans had been forced into slavery by the Spanish.
The Cubans began a revolt against the Spanish hoping to provoke the U.S. to send aid.

5. Teller Amendment
The U.S. will not annex Cuba. Congress pledged to leave the government and control of the island to the people as soon as peace was established there.

6. What group of people do you think were interested in sending aid to Cuba?
-Wealthy businessmen to protect their interests in Cuba

7. CUBA UNDER SPANISH RULE

8. GENERAL VALERIANO WEYLER
THE “BUTCHER” OF CUBA

9. Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to restore order in Cuba.
He put the entire Cuban population into barbed wire concentration camps.
Hundreds of thousands died due to hunger, disease, and starvation.

10. Yellow journalism Exaggerating the news to lure and enrage readers
News reports of Weyler’s brutality began circulating in the news.
This would lead to many Americans supporting war against Spain.

11. WILLIAM MCKINLEY
PRESIDENT OF THE U.S.A. FROM

12. WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
OWNER AND EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK JOURNAL

13. WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST

14. JOSEPH PULITZER
OWNER AND EDITOR OF THE NEW YORK WORLD

15. YELLOW KID
This popular comic strip led to yellow journalism.

16. Pres. McKinley wanted to avoid war with Spain so he tried diplomatic means to resolve the crisis.
As a result, Spain recalled Gen. Weyler, did away with some concentration camps, and gave Cuba limited self-government.

17. ENRIQUE DUPUY DE LOME SPANISH AMBASSADOR TO THE U.S.

18. February, 1898-the New York Journal published the DeLome letter.
A Cuban rebel had stolen the letter from a Havana post office and leaked it to the newspaper.

19. It criticized Pres. McKinley calling him “weak” and was “a bidder for the admiration of the crowd”.
Americans were angered over the insult.
The Spanish government apologized and the ambassador resigned.

21. USS MAINE-FEBRUARY 15,1898

24. 1898-Pres. McKinley ordered the U. S. S
1898-Pres. McKinley ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home American citizens in danger from the fighting and to protect American property.
February 15, 1898-the ship blew up in the harbor of Havana killing 260 men.

25. No one really knew why the ship exploded
American newspapers claimed that the Spanish had blown up the ship.
“Remember the Maine” became the cry that would support U.S. involvement in Cuba.

27. April 20, 1898-Congress declared war on Spain
Spain currently had colonies in the Philippines, Guam, a few areas in Africa, and Cuba and Puerto Rico.

28. ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY

29. April 30th-First place of attack came about in Manila-the capital of the Philippines.
Within hours, Dewey’s men had destroyed every Spanish ship.
Filipinos joined forces with the Americans to gain freedom from Spain.

30. BATTLE OF MANILA

31. EMILIO AGUINALDO

32. Aguinaldo assisted the American troops in freeing the Philippines from Spanish control.

33. WESLEY MERRITT

34. Wesley Merritt and the U. S
Wesley Merritt and the U.S. Army will take command of the Philippines once the Spanish have been defeated.

35. GENERAL WILLIAM SHAFTER

36. General Shafter was commander of American troops in Cuba during the Spanish-American War.

37. June, 1898 American forces landed in Cuba
Army of 17,000 included a voluntary cavalry called the Rough Riders under the command of Leonard Wood and Theodore Roosevelt

38. Leonard Wood Theodore Roosevelt

39. Rough Riders Established by Theodore Roosevelt to fight in Cuba
Voluntary Cavalry Unit
Harvard football players, polo players, cowboys, outlaws/crooks, Native Americans, and miners

40. The Spanish-American war would be fought on the three islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
Infantry-foot soldiers
Cavalry-soldiers on horseback
How long did this war last?-
16 weeks

41. July 1, 1898-Battle of San Juan Hill and Santiago
Bloodiest battle of the S-A war.
Americans lost three times as many lives as the Spanish.

43. THE ROUGH RIDERS

45. JOHN J. PERSHING

46. COMMANDER OF THE 10TH NEGRO CAVALRY DURING THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR

48. ADMIRAL WILLIAM SAMPSON

49. He was instrumental in destroying Admiral Cervera’s Spanish fleet in Santiago Harbor in Cuba.

50. SANTIAGO HARBOR

51. U.S. newspapers declared Theodore Roosevelt the hero of San Juan Hill.
July 25th, 1898-American troops invaded Puerto Rico.
August 12th, 1898-U.S. and Spain signed an armistice (cease-fire agreement).

52. Secretary of State John Hay called the S-A war “a splendid little war” because the fighting only took 16 weeks.
December 10, 1898-U.S. and Spain met in Paris to agree on a treaty.

53. Treaty of Paris,1898-ended the Spanish-American war
Terms of the treaty:
-Spain freed Cuba
-Spain turned over Guam & Puerto Rico to the U.S.
-Spain sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million

54. A nation whose foreign policy is partly controlled by another nation.
PROTECTORATE
A nation whose foreign policy is partly controlled by another nation.

55. PROTECTORATES
Philippines
Puerto Rico
Guam

56. The treaty struck up a debate over whether or not the U. S
The treaty struck up a debate over whether or not the U.S. had the right to annex the Philippines.
The Philippines resisted annexation by the U.S. because they were promised their independence if the U.S. won the war.

57. Pres. McKinley decided that the Filipinos were too “uncivilized” to govern themselves.
The U.S. fought with the people of the Philippines for over three years.
In the end, the U.S. defeated the Filipinos.

58. EMILIO AGUINALDO

59. Emilio Aguinaldo of the Philippines led the resistance against America.

60. The Americans confined many Filipinos in concentration camps like the ones the Spanish had used in Cuba.
Americans continued to rule the islands until after World War II.
The war in the Philippines claimed four times as many American lives as the war with Spain did.

61. Arthur MacArthur Became the military governor of the
American-occupied Philippines