1. Plantae
Grant and Kendall

2. Nonvascular plants
Plants that lack a vascular tissue
Xylem
Phloem

3. Liverworts
Phyla- Marchantiophyta
Simplest of plants

4. Hornworts
Phyla- Anthocerophyta
Small         

5. Life cycle
Haploid Spore Stage The life cycle of the Hornwort begins as a haploid spore.
A single cell within this spore, along with an attached growth called a germ tube, germinates.

6. Continued
Initial Growth As it grows, cells in the tip of the germ tube continue to multiply, sending out root-like structures that let the plant to attach to the substrate it is growing on
The germ tube also forms a bud-like growth called a thalloid protenema.
The protenema eventually develops into an adult gametophyte which will continue to grow over the life of the plant

7. End of cycle Sexual Reproduction Sporophyte Stage
the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote.
Sporophyte Stage
The zygote will then form a sporophyte
At the bottom of the sporophyte is the foot, which receives nutrients
The middle of the sporophyte acts as a stem.
Spore Release At the tip of the sporophyte is the capsule
in the capsule new spores are produced. Eventually, the capsule will brake open to release the spores, continuing the life cycle
Almost the same thing happens in both liverworts and mosses too.

8. Moses
Bryophyta
Small

9. Vascular plants Also known as tracheophytes or higher plants
They have lignified tissues
Get much larger then nonvascular plants

10. Whisk ferns
Phyla- Psilotophyta
Seedless

11. Life cycle Whisk fern There are two phases in the life cycle
The large asexual plants produce spores that develop into very small colorless plants
then sexual plants, have Eggs and sperm produce in special structures on their surfaces
these gametes initiate the second sporophyte phase
Most of the plants reproduce this way

12. Horsetails
Phyla- Sphenophyta
Seedless

13. Club mosses
Phyla- Lycophyta / Lycopodiophyta
Club shaped
Seedless

14. Ferns
Phyla- Pterophyta
Seedless

15. Conifers
Phyla- Coniferophyta
Example
Pine trees
Spruces

16. Cycads
Phyla- Cycadophyta
Examples
Sago palm

17. Quiz What do lignified tissues due?
How many species of Marchantiophyta are there?
Mosses have _______ vascular tissue?
Do plants reproduce asexually or sexually?
How many stages are in the hornwort life cycle?
What is one vascular tissue that nonvascular plants lack