1. Norms and Values
By B.A. Loeffler

2. Norms Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior
Anything can be considered appropriate when norms approve it.
Once norms are learned, members of a society use them to guide their social behavior. – William Sumner

3. In Thailand don't put your fork in your mouth
In Thailand don't put your fork in your mouth. Rather, use it to put the food on the spoon and eat from that

4. In the Arab world people don't eat with their left hand because that hand is typically used to clean up in the bathroom if you catch the drift

5. In the UK make sure to tilt the soup bowl away from you

6. In China you should burp at the dinner table if you enjoyed the food

7. In Chile people typically don't eat anything with their hands, not even the french fries

8. In some cultures (Philippines, Cambodia, Korea, Egypt) finishing all the food on your plate signifies to the host that they did not feed you enough

9. The Inuit people of Canada will fart after meals to express their appreciation of the food

10. In Tanzania it is considered rude to be on time for dinner
In Tanzania it is considered rude to be on time for dinner. You should be between 15 and 30 minutes late

11. In England bananas should be eaten with a fork and knife

12. In Portugal you shouldn't ask for salt and pepper if they are not already on the table. It is considered offensive to the chef's seasoning abilities

13. Sumner’s basic norms
Folkways
Mores
Laws

14. Folkways
Rules that cover customary ways of thinking feeling and behaving but lack moral overtones.
Examples –
Holding the door open for some one
Saying “bless you” after someone sneezes
Sleeping on a bed instead of the floor
Can you think of a folkway?
What happens if we break/disobey a folkway?

15. Mores
Based on the word moral. Deals with conduct related to right or wrong
Norms of great significance
Conformity draws strong approval, violation brings disproval
Examples:
Drug use
Premarital sex
Fighting
Wearing clothes
Using profane language in church

16. Taboo Mores that are more serious Violation demand punishment by group
Examples
Abortion - terminating a pregnancy
Cannibalism - a human being eating the flesh of another human being
Incest - sexual relations between relatives. Different cultures have different definitions of how close a relative would be considered taboo.
Polygamy - having more than one spouse at the same time
Suicide - the taking of one’s own life

17. Laws Norms that are enforced by officials
An important source for laws are mores
Smoking – Folkway – More – Law
Laws remain in the books after mores have changed

18. Laws in Tennessee Students may not hold hands while at school
It is a crime to share your Netflix password
Anyone who participates in a duel may not hold any public office
Stealing a horse is punishable by hanging
No Christian parent may require their children to pick up trash from the highway on Easter Sunday
It is legal to gather an consume roadkill
You can’t shoot any game other than whales from a moving automobile
Hollow logs may not be sold
It is illegal to use a lasso to catch a fish
Skunks may not be carried into the state

19. Enforcing the Rules Groups teach norms Sometimes thru sanctions
Sanctions – rewards and punishments used to encourage conformity
Formal Sanctions – may be applied only by an official
Can you give me an example of a negative sanction?
Can you give me an example of a positive sanction?
Informal Sanctions – can be applied by most members of a group
Thanking someone
Staring at someone who is talking during a movie

21. Values
Values – broad ideas about what most people in a society consider to be desirable.
So general they do not dictate ways we think, unlike norms
Form the basis for norms

25. Love Honesty Wealth Humor
Morals Reason Success Knowledge
Free Time Adventure Calmness
Fun Recognition Nature Popularity
Independence Achievement Beauty Friends
Spirituality Respect Freedom Variety Stability Loyalty Peace Responsibility Fairness Family Power Wisdom Safety Creativity Relaxation