1. Gender Pay Gap: Everyone and Yemen
Danica Thoroughgood

2. Glass Ceiling Sticky Floors
a substantial pay gap at the top of the pay distribution with women largely excluded from high-paying jobs
a large pay gap at the bottom of the distribution where women are ‘stuck’ in low wage jobs because women choose to stay at the bottom of the work ladder in order to earn a considerable amount of money
When it comes to examining the gender pay gap, it is important to understand some institutionalized terms that prevent wage equality from happening.
The most common idea is the ‘glass ceiling,’ which is when there is a large pay gap at the top of the pay distribution with women largely excluded from high-paying jobs.
This is a hindrance on women because of their inability to move up the work ladder, which prevents them from earning the same wage as men in the same workplace.
Another concept to understand is the ‘sticky floor,’ which is a large pay gap at the bottom of the distribution where women are ‘stuck’ in low wage jobs because women choose to stay at the bottom of the work ladder in order to earn a considerable amount of money.

3. Best Nations at Cracking Glass and Cleaning Sticky Floors
As you can see, the Nordic nations are ranked at the top of the list and this data has been consistent for nearly a decade.
This graph is the Global Gender Gap Report in 2014 which shows 142 countries ranked from best to worst when it comes to gender gap.
In the graph, it is obvious to see where the Nordic countries lie – they have been able to offer women plenty of opportunities, as well as allow women in top-level positions
As high-income countries, they have increased the conditions for women by investing in women’s health and education.
What is interesting with these countries is the fact that they have seen the effects of pay inequality on women and have understood that it affects a woman’s life negatively where most women are forced to retire at a later age to earn lower pensions
Basically, these nations show no glass ceiling or sticky floors
Also, Germany deserves some recognition – they have narrowed the gender pay gap significantly in comparison to the rest of the EU
They have improved rates of literacy and made it so the gap is only based on the skills that people have

4. Worst Nations at Cracking Glass and Cleaning Sticky Floors
On to the lower end of the ranking system, it is important to note that even though the United States and United Kingdom are developed high-income nations, they still have a significant gender pay gap.
In Britain, there are not a lot of women present in high-skilled, white collar occupations
As an example, in Western nations,

5. Primary School Education Favorability
Most nations favor boys
Limited jobs
Patriarchy rules

6. Yemen and Gender Inequity
“Yemeni women cannot legally leave their homes without permission and are required by law to obey their husbands. They also cannot convey their citizenship to their children and non-national husbands, who face additional constraints in getting residency permits. Such gender-differentiated laws are likely one factor contributing to the limited economic access of Yemeni women— less than a quarter hold jobs” (Women, Business, 2010)

7. Reforms for Improvement
Culture
Lack of education
Political participation
Access to resources