1. China
AP World History

2. Assignments:
Read “Diversity and Dominance: Hierarchy and conduct in the Analects of Confucius” pp. 46 – 47. Write: complete the four questions with thorough paragraphs for each.
Map (blank East Asia): recreate the map of the Qin and Han Dynasty in China on pp. 140 in your textbooks.

3. Chinese Dynasties (Simplified) From beginning to end… (829 Emperors)
Xia Dynasty 1994 BCE BCE (228 years)
Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE BCE (739 years) Hammurabi)
Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE (866 years)
Disunion for 35 Years
Qin Dynasty 221 BCE BCE (15 years) (Qin call him the First Emperor)
Han Dynasty 206 BCE AD (426 years) (Romans)
Disunion for 45 Years
Jin Dynasty 265 AD – 420 AD (155 years)
Disunion for 169 years
Sui Dynasty 589 AD AD (29 years) (Europe Dark Ages)
Tang Dynasty 618 AD AD (289 years) (Vikings)
Disunion for 62 Years
Sung Dynasty 969 AD AD (310 years)
Yuan Dynasty 1279 AD AD (89 years) (Mongols)
Ming Dynasty 1368 AD AD (276 years) (Middle Ages)
Manchu or Qing Dynasty 1644 AD AD (268 years) (Last Emperor) (1914 – WWI, Russian Revolution)
Non-Dynasty: Republican Era – 1912 AD – 1949 AD (37 years) (WWI, Great Depression, WWII)
Non-Dynasty: PRC (Mao Zedong, Communism) – 1949 AD - present (Cold War)

4. Geography Assignments:
1. Atlas: Civilization in Ancient China
2. Atlas: Dynasties of Ancient China
3. Writing: Great Wall of China – complete the geography questions.

5. Writing Assignments:
1. Analects from Confucius: answer #1 only. Using a T-chart.
2. Intrigues of the Warring States: answer all questions using complete sentences.
3. Lessons for Women: answer all questions using complete sentences.
4. Wudi: answer all questions using complete sentences.
5. Wu Zhao: answer all questions using complete sentences.

6. Group Poster Projects/ Presentations
1. Han politics; important emperors
2. Han society, including religions or philosophies
3.Han technology
Try to answer the why, so-what, how for each.
4. Tang politics; important emperors
5. Tang society, including religions or philosophies
6. Tang technology
Try to answer the why, so-what, how for each.

7. Chinese Dynastic Circle
First thing leader should do to stop civil war is to feed the poor and give them some land
Prosperity
(Mandate of Heaven)
Nomadic raids -- can’t prevent (Great Wall)
Dynasty Falls. New leader emerges – former warlord
Conscription into army. Increase taxes, Warfare destroys fields.
Natural Disaster: lost mandate of heaven
Peasant Revolt – feed them! (fields are burned)
Disease
Famine
Warring States

8. Chinese Dynastic Circle – Mulan Style
First thing leader should do to stop civil war is to feed the poor and give them some land
Prosperity
(Mandate of Heaven)
Nomadic raids -- can’t prevent (Huns at the beginning)
Dynasty Falls. New leader emerges – former warlord
Conscription into army. Increase taxes, Warfare destroys fields. (I’ll make a man out of you… the burned out field when cute guy’s Dad dies.)
Natural Disaster: lost mandate of heaven
Peasant Revolt – feed them! (remember the burned fields)
Disease
Famine
Warring States (period of war fare)

9. Chinese Dynasties and History

10. Outline
Dynasties (over 30 dynasties, 829 emperors) 21st Century B.C.-1911
Republic Era , 1949-present
Peoples Republic of China 1949-present, Communism
Great Wall, etc.
Religions

11. Overview Time span of the dynasties Over 30 different dynasties
21st century B.C. thru
1911 A.D.
Almost 4000 years
Over 30 different dynasties
Han & Present the most important ones.

12. Chronology of Chinese History
c BC: Prehistory (belief in life after death; bone divination) - legendary Xia (Hsia) Dynasty (c BC)
c BC: Shang Dynasty (polytheism; spiritism; ancestor veneration; bone & shell divination)
BC: Zhou (Chou) Dynasty (feudal era & classical age; rise of Shang-Ti & “Mandate of Heaven;” ancestor veneration & divination practices; continued belief in spiritism; interest in life-prolongation & immortality; 8th-5th centuries BC - period of disorder; emergence of classical Chinese philosophies: Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalism, etc.) - Era of Warring States ( BC)
BC: Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty (“The Burning of the Books” in 213 BC) - Legalism enthroned; Confucianism attacked

13. Chronology, continued Height of Romans:
206 BC-25 AD: Former (Earlier) Han Dynasty (beginnings of official state Confucianism)
AD: Later Han Dynasty (rise of Chinese Empire; imperial state religion; Confucianism officially established; the coming of Buddhism)
AD: The Three Kingdoms - Wei ( ); Shu ( ); Wu ( ) (decline of Confucianism; rise of Taoism & Buddhism)

14. Chronology, continued 266-316 AD: Jin (Chin) Dynasty
AD: Era of North-South Division - 16 Northern Kingdoms ( ); 5 Southern Kingdoms ( ) (rise of Taoist religion; continued spread of Buddhism)
AD: Sui Dynasty
AD: Tang Dynasty (high point for Buddhism & Taoism; 9th century Confucian reaction against Buddhism)

15. Chronology, continued
AD: Five Northern Dynasties; Ten Southern Kingdoms
AD: Northern Sung (Song) Dynasty
AD: Southern Sung (Song) Dynasty
AD: Yuan (Mongol) Dynasty (established by Kublai Khan) (development of popular religious sects)
AD: Ming Dynasty (Mongols out, Chinese emperors in; Confucianism reestablished; Roman Catholicism arrives)
10th-13th centuries AD: Rise of Neo- Confucianism;
Anti-Confucian policy

16. Chronology, continued
AD: Qing (Ch’ing) (Manchu) Dynasty - peak of Confucian (bureaucratic) authority; increasing influence of the West
AD: Chinese Revolution
Dynasties Ended
Republic of China ( [mainland]; 1949-present [Taiwan])
People’s Republic of China (Communism) (1949-present)
Confucianism in decline

17. Complete the 3 questions with a paragraph each.
After Exam:
Read “Diversity and Dominance: Law and Society in Tang China”, pp. 248 – 249.
Complete the 3 questions with a paragraph each.

18. First Emperor
Chin Shih Huang Ti
Last Emperor
Name: Pu Yee
2000 years
408 Emperors
18 Dynasties

19. Xia Dynasty (21st until 16th B.C.)
First prehistoric dynasty
Excavations made at Anyang, Henan in 1928
Evolutionary stage between:
Late Neolithic culture
Hunter gatherers
Stone tools
Chinese civilization
Agricultural communities
Silk and pottery

20. Shang Dynasty (17st until 11th B.C.E.)
Cradle of Chinese civilization
Based on agriculture
Developed a writing system
High level of civilization: bronze workmanship
Ruled by kings
Cities were centers of glittering court life
Court rituals honoring ancestors
Slaves buried alive in royal tombs

21. Shang China (ca ca BC)
There are 3 things to know about the Shang:
1. They were the most advanced bronze-working civilization in the world.
2. Shang remains provide the earliest and most complete record of Chinese writing, scratched out on the shoulder blades of pigs or turtle shells for oracular purposes.
3. They were quite possibly the most blood-thirsty pre-modern civilization. They liked human sacrifice -- a lot.
If a king died, then more than 100 slaves would join him in the grave. Some of them would be beheaded first. Some of them were just thrown in still alive. Later dynasties replaced the humans with terra-cotta figures, resulting in things like the underground army. They also did things like human sacrifice for building consecrations and other ceremonial events.
The Shang had an odd system of succession: instead of a patrilineal system where power was passed from father to son, the kingship passed from elder brother to younger brother, and when there were no more brothers, then to the oldest maternal nephew.

22. Early Writing
Inscriptions on Oracle bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty (c. 16th-11th century B.C.)

23. Zhou Dynasty 10th until 2nd century B.C.
Capital at Hao (near Xi’an) in Wei Valley
Ruled much of China north of Yangtze river
Extended Shang culture
Early rule: Feudal
Decentralized; control based on family ties
Later: City States
Central control over local governments
Impersonal political and economic institutions
Culture: philosophy, poetry and prose

24. Declare the First Emperor
Chin Shih Huang Ti
221BC
United China

25. Qin (221 until 207 B.C.)
centralized the government- rid of feudal lords
Achievements:
Standardized language & Writing
Standardized currency
Standardized measurements
Public Works
Great Wall
Roads & Irrigation canals
Leader: Shi Huang Ti
Weapons and fortifications were made illegal
Monumental architecture – Great Wall, Royal Tombs

27. Qin Empire
Origins of Imperial China, 221 B.C.E.–220 C.E.
A. The Qin Unification of China, 221–207 B.C.E.
1. By 221 B.C.E., the state of Qin had unified all of northern and central China into the 1st Chinese “empire.”
Success for the Qin came from experience defending against “barbarian” neighbors, adoption of Legalist methods, and the ambition of the ruthless young king Shi Huangdi
2. Qin established a strong centralized state by eliminating rivals and creating a strong bureaucracy.
Standardized law, measurements, coinage, and writing, followed the Legalist view and suppressed Confucianism.

28. 3. To secure the empire’s borders from northern raiders, the Qin sent a large military force to drive the nomads north. To ensure they would not lose the newly gained territory, they constructed connections and extensions to walls built earlier to defend the kingdoms, the ancestor of the Great Wall of China.
Shi Huangdi’s attack on the nomads inadvertently united the fragmented nomads under the Xiongnu Confederacy a source of threat to China for centuries to come.
4. To fill their military and labor needs, the Qin government instituted an oppressive program of compulsory military and labor services.

29. Great Wall

30. Watchtowers (Signal Towers)

32. Tomb of Shih Huang Ti
Shih Huang Ti began building his tomb as soon as he became emperor.
The project took 36 years and was worked on by 700,000 laborers.
The architects of the tomb conceived of it as a miniature universe.
The burial tomb, called Mount Li, was at one time 150 feet tall, and the total complex covered 500 acres.
The tomb was booby-trapped to prevent looters

33. 5. Shi Huangdi died in 210 B.C.E. and was buried in a monumental tomb guarded by a terracotta clay army of seven thousand soldiers. His son secured the throne but proved to be a weak leader who could not withstand the uprisings that broke out from the resentment of different groups. Qin rule was over by 206 B.C.E.

34. Emphasis on development of the state Role of Law
Legalism
Emphasis on development of the state
Ruthless, end justifies the means
Role of Law
Strict punishment for violators
Principle of collective responsibility
Legalist Doctrine:
Two strengths of the state
Agriculture
Military
Emphasized development of peasant, soldier classes

35. Civil disorder brings down Qin dynasty 207 BCE
The Han Dynasty:
Civil disorder brings down Qin dynasty 207 BCE
Liu Bang forms new dynasty: the Han (206 BCE-220 CE)
Former Han (206 BCE-9 CE)
Interruption 9-23 CE
Later Han ( CE)
Created large landholdings
But maintained control over administrative regions
After failed rebellion, took more central control

36. Han Centralization:
The Martial Emperor: Han Wudi ( BCE)
Increased taxes to fund more public works
huge demand for government officials (think the annoying guy from Mulan)
Han Wudi establishes an Imperial University in 124 BCE
Not a lover of scholarship, but demanded educated class for bureaucracy
Adopted Confucianism as official course of study
3000 students by end of Former Han, 30,000 by end of Later Han

37. Han Imperial Expansion
Invasions of Vietnam, Korea
Constant attacks from Xiongnu
Nomads from Central Asia
Horsemen
Brutal: Maodun ( BCE), had soldiers murder his wife, father
Han Wudi briefly dominates Xiongnu

38. Technological Developments: Expansion of iron manufacture
Iron tips on tools abandoned as tools entirely made from iron
Increased food production
Superior weaponry
Cultivation of silkworms
Breeding
Diet control
Other silk-producing lands relied on wild worms
Development of paper
Bamboo, fabric abandoned in favor of wood and textile-based paper General prosperity
Increased agricultural productivity
Taxes small part of overall income
Produce in state granaries

39. Economic and Social Difficulties:
Expenses of military expeditions, esp. vs. Xiongnu
Taxes increasing
Arbitrary property confiscations rise
Increasing gap between rich and poor
Slavery, tenant farming increase
Banditry, rebellion
Han Dynasty emperors manage, with difficulty, to reassert control
Uprisings challenges land distribution problems
Internal court intrigue
Weakened Han Dynasty collapses by 220 CE

40. Han Dynasty 202BCE-220 CE (Roman Times)
Similar: built cities, officials to carry out edicts, heavy taxes collapsed under invasions and internal revolts
contact along the Silk Road, Buddhist Missionaries to China
combination of Confucius and legalism
advanced in science and literature
invented ship’s rudder, paper, magnetic compass, acupuncture
Short period of Civil War- Sui Dynasty connected two rivers with canal- over extended gov. resources.

41. Sui Dynasty (589-618CE) Established by Wendi Lowered taxes
Established granaries – stable, cheap food supply

42. Tang Dynasty ( )
High point of Chinese civilization (comparable to Han Dynasty)
Golden age of literature and art
India and Middle-East relations stimulated creativity
Buddhism (from India) was widely promoted (Confucius era)
Block printing was invented

43. Tang Dynasty (618-907) Cont’d
Better government system
Civil service examination and other competitive entrance procedures
Independent from aristocracy and warlords
“Scholar-officials” – stresses duty and privileges
Fragmentation of China (5 north dynasties, 10 south kingdoms)
Economic, politic, societal reasons + Arab wars
North invaders

44. Song Dynasty (960-1279) 2 Phases: Northern (960-1127) and
Southern Song ( )
Centralized bureaucracy (more power on emperor)
(regional governors  centrally appointed officials)
City developments (admin., trade, industry, maritime commerce)
Mercantile class
Printing and education spread
Private trade grew
Market networks grew
The Neo Confucius Philosophy (by Zhu Xi)  inhibited pre modern societal development

45. Legacies – Tang and Song
Grand Canal – under Yangdi (Sui) and other canals continue
Commercial Expansion – Silk Road, maritime trade, increased urban centers
Agricultural Production – continued to increase
Family – male-dominated households continue and increase with Song (note foot-binding), Neo-Confucianism contributed to deterioration of status of women
Technology – tools, weapons, paper money (flying money), compass, paper, printing
Art – artwork, poetry (Li Bo) – celebrating the natural world
Bureaucracy was re-established

46. This is the stopping point for the first 9-weeks, and the first test on China.
Test will cover the China portions of Ch. 2,5, and 10.

47. Yuan Dynasty (1279-1368) Mongolian Rule
Kublai Khan
Established the Yuan dynasty (
Moves Capital to Beijing
Marco Polo (European) visits Beijing
Drama and novels are developed

48. Ming Dynasty (1368 -1644) Construction of the Forbidden City
Completion of the Great Wall
Ocean voyages as far as Africa by Zheng He

49. Expansion and unification
Ch’ing Dynasty (1644 – 1911)
Expansion and unification
Opium Wars
Boxer Rebellion
Henry Pu Yi as a child (“The Last Emperor”)

50. The Boxer Uprising in 1900 Peasants in Northern China
support from high officials of Qing court
destruction of anything foreign
siege of the legation quarter in Beijing

51. Warlords ( )

52. Republic 1911-10-10, Wuchang Uprising
Qing dynasty was overthrown
, China became a republic

53. Which Way to Go? Republic ? Nationalism? Use Western Style Marxism?
Copy Russia Style

54. New political parties Nationalist Party (GMD) was established
Sun Yat-Sen died in 1925
Chiang Kai-Shek was the military leader
Communist Party was established in 1921
Mao ZeDong was one of its founding members

55. (Sun Zhongshan)Sun YatSen (1866 - 1925)
1st President of the Republic of China
founder of the Nationalist Party (GMD)
Father of the Republic
Nationalism and Communism Cooperation
Died at 59 Years Old
The Three Principles of the People
nationalism
people’s rights
people’s livelihood

56. Memorial Hall of Song
Nanjing, China

57. Statue of SUN Zhongshan

58. Which Way to Go? Nationalism? Use Western Style Marxism?
Copy Russia Style
Civil War
Jiang Jieshi
Mao Zedong

59. Communism Mainland Nationalism Taiwan 1949-present And so on …….
Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping
And so on
…….
Republican Era
Communism
Sun Zhongshan
Jiang Jieshi
Civil War
Nationalism
1949-present
Jiang Jieshi
Jiang Jingguo
Nationalism
Taiwan
And so on
……..

60. Republic of China, Taiwan
1949-present
Jiang Jieshi
Jiang Jingguo
And so on
……..

61. China under Mao Zedong 1949 - 1976

62. Lin Biao (1969-71) the putative successor to Mao Zedong
the cult of personality around Mao
In 1971 Lin allegedly tried but failed
to assassinate Mao
to flee to Soviet Union (“9.13”)
“9.13” eroded the credibility
of the entire leadership
of the Cultural Revolution

63. Deng Xiaoping
Deng Xiaoping
Hu Yaobang
Zhao Ziyang

64. Post Deng
Jiang Zeming
Hu Jingtao
Hu is the president.

65. Religions
Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 1%-2%, Christian 3%-4%

66. Confucius
Born in 551 B.C.
died in 479 B.C.