1. IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY AND STATING THE PROBLEM

2. In research, you are prone to thinking in various levels that range from the simplest to the most complex mode or patterns of thinking. Your initial thinking Acts here pertain to what you want to research on it what you intend to subject new to higher levels of thinking as you go through the several states of research. The kind or quality of thinking and attention you give to your acts of choosing your research topic and of specifying question you want your research study to find answer to strongly determined the success of your research work.

3. Increase the number of English word you know

4. Comminicate your world views truth the newly learned words

5. Exlaplain the meaning of a quantitative research problem

6. Evaluate the quality of quantitative research problem and research question

7. Use prose and non prose means of comparing and contrasting the approaches and types of research question

8. Distinguish a researchable from a non researchable research problem

9. Apply the guidelines in stating a quantitative research problem and research question

10. ACTIVITY 1: VOCABULARY IMPROVEMENT

11. 1.maintain,assert,aver,warrant
Directions: Give the meaning of the underlined words in each cluster of words.Let the other words in the set serve as clues to the meaning of the word.
1.maintain,assert,aver,warrant
2.perplexities,difficulties,problems,confusions
3.Puzzle,enigma,problem,conundrum
4.approximate,near,close,adjacent
5.treasures,cherish,nurtures,sustains
6.exactness,peculiarity,specificity,definiteness
7.direct,geared,fit,control
8.drive,goad,urge,prod
9.thrust,dive,plunge,jump
10.think,mull over,ponder,reflect

12. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PROBLEM

13. Nature of quantitative research problem:
Life is not always a bed of roses.it is made up of both negative and positive aspects of life.Experiencing something negative or making you fail to aver or affirm the existence of a thing you expected to see or happen is a natural occurrence in life,where you find find difficulty in knowing or finding answers or solutions to question causing you worries or perplexities is called a problem. Once you encounter a problem,being an inquisitive,speculative,and creative person,you immediately would like to find ways and means to free yourself from such conundrum in your life.
Sparked by your curiosity or interest,you get to fonder on a problem needing answers.You resort to thinking of what to solve,whom to ask,where to go,and how to do all the things you want to happen to find the answer to the problem.Behaving this way,you are then confronted with a research problem. A research problem is something that nurtures in your mind a difficulty or uncertainty,enough to push you to do an empirical investigation whereby you search for answers to a problem by collecting and analysing data or information through which you can find the right answer or solution.
Requiring you to adopt an empirical attitude toward your problem in a way that You depend on your sensory experience,conduct experimentation,or perform a scientific method in arriving at the truth about something makes your problem a researchable problem. Being researchable,your research problem becomes a quantitative research problem, not a qualitative research problem that people consider not researchable because it is more inclined to explain or describing people view

14. Research Question vs. Quantitative Research Problem
Several reasons prod you to define or finalise a research problem or a research topic. But does not mean that after spending time thinking about a research problem, immediately, you plunge into carrying out an investigation or collecting and analysing data. Thinking of research problem or a topic to research is a begging act in research. Another initial research act is asking set of specific question or identify sub-problem about your research problem.
These specific or subquestions, called Research question to specify the scope and the method in collecting and analysing data , give you the right direction in your research. In addition they are question to give further definition or explanation of the research problem by stressing the fact that they elicit answer to clarify or solve the research problem, which is the main problem of the research. Here are exams of statement to show the relationship between quantitative research and research question.

15. To define a grammar textbook

16. To explain the meaning of communicative competence.

17. To identify the components of the grammar book that work for communicative – competence development.

18. To determine the number of Manila Philippines private universities requiring the use of grammar textbook s.

19. To determine the number of Manila Private Universities using grammar textbook as reference only.

20. To determine the extent of Manila Universities considering grammar textbook as the mean by which they can help the college students attaint communicative competence .

21. Guidelines in formulating a quantitative research problem and research question
Fproblem e a research problem thatis researchable ; , open to empirical investigation.
See it to it that you state your quantitative researc problem clearly , concisely, and possibly , if under APA referencing style , not beyond 12 words.
Have you research problem focus in a general understanding of you research topic .
Construct a research problem that mirror the importance of carrying out the research for finding answer or solutions problem.
Let you quantitative research problem state the variable and their relationship with one another.
• Construct an introductory statement to present your research problem, which is the main problem of your research .
• State your research question or sub-problem, not in the form of yes or no question, but in formative question.
• Express your research problem and research question either in an interrogative or declarative manner , bit some research book say that the former is more effective than a letter form.

22. Research Problem in Experimental Research
You came to know through previous lesson in this book that quantitative research may either be non Experimental and experimental, and that the latter is of two types ; true Experimental or quasi experimental research. In most aspect of experimental research both of these two type have similarities, like both include selection of subject , pretty and pay test , and the use of treatmentor control group. Among these three key aspect of experimental research randomised selection it si leading characteristics so much so that absence of random selection of participants Denise’s it identity as true Experimental and convert it into a quasi experimental or semi experimental research in which selection process take place not by chance but by the experimental purpose or decision.

23. Regardless of several contrasting characteristics of true and quasi experimental research, both tackle research problem that requires you to deal with these four basic elements of experimental.
* Subject or object ( people, places, things , events, etch )
* The subject condition before the actual experiment
* The treatment, invention, or condition applied on the subject
* The subject condition after the treatment

24. Types of quantitative Research question
Descriptive research question – ask questions on the kind ,qualifications and categories of the subject or participants.
Relation question – are question about nature and manner of connection between or among variables.
Casual question – reason behind the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is the focus of these type of research question.

25. Approaches to quantitative research question
Likewise, you may start asking research problem or research question based on any of these two approaches: 1. Deductive Approach - Your question begin from “hundred or prediction” or expectations about the outcome of your research . Ask question cantering on theory or coconverscoExplainincuracy of the theory and make up your mind on which variable to study through observation, interview or experimentation. 2. Inductive Approach - Deductive approach goes from bigger ideas such as theories or concepts to smaller ideas; conversely, inductive Approach start from smaller and simpler ideasto bigger or more complex ones . Inductively formulated research question on description of thing to prove an idea or a system.

26. Lesson 7 Hypothesis

27. Definition of Hypothesis
AhHypothesis is a tentative explanation or answer to a question about variable, their relationship, and other facts involved the research. A research always end up with a result. However you are free to hypothesize; meaning to infer propose or guess about factual things related to the research. It is inferential thinking that makes you guess something based not oonly on whatever experience or factual knowledge you have about also on conclusion that were logically drawn by other research studies. A Hypothesis has to be tested through analytical investigation to prove how true or false it is.

28. Purpose of Hypothesis
Thave t guide you on which aspect of the research to focus on .
They provide opportunities t prove the relationship between variable.
Ththe right direction of the research.
They routine your thoughts on your manner f summarising the result and explained the conclusion.
They push for an empirical study to prove the existence of relationship of variable and the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable.

29. Hypothesis vs Research question
In an experimental research that takes place in scientific ne of your initial acts is formulating these two; research question and Hypothesis . Both are relatto your research but they are not exactly the same . Their differences lies in the amount of stock knowledge you have about to focus of your study . If you know how much about that variable or have lots of knowledge about other factual data involved in the research through your review of related literature you can formulate Hypothesis.

30. Categories of Hypothesis
These are two categories of Hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. A null hypothesis symbolized by Ho, which date the absence of relationship between the independent and dependent variable. It is therefore a statement to disprove the fact that the independent variable ( treatment , invention or condition) has an affect on the dependent variable. The opposite of null hypothesis is the alternative hypothesis. Symbolized by Hi, the alternative hypothesis state the raltionship between the independent and dependent variable and the fact that the first affects the second one .

31. Types of Hypothesis
Theory driven vs Data driven hypothesis – a hypothesis that is based on existing theory to explain the relationship of variable and the affect one variable on the other variable is theory driben . But if it’s based on the finding of previous research studies, it is a data driben hypothesis.
Directional ( one tailed) vs Non-directional ( two tailed) Hypothesis – Directional hypothesis state the relationship of two variable as well as of the relationship of these variable. Non directional hypothesis, on the other hand state the relationship of variable bit not on the direction of the relationship.
•. Descriptive vs . Casual hypothesis – a statement specifying the relationship between two variable due to the influence of something is a descriptive hypothesis; due to cause and affect relationship, it is a casual hypothesis. True experimental or quasi experimental reseech such as correlation study uses casual hypothesis; non experimental research used Descriptive hypothesis.