1. The Early Middle Ages
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2. The Byzantine Empire IN: 6.1.5 Eastern Roman Empire
Emperor Justinian’s Rule
Had absolute power
Organized Roman law into code-Justinian’s Code
1100s these laws helped kings in western Europe unify their power
Remain laws in many countries today
Byzantine Christianity
The pope claimed the power to lead all Christians
A New Alphabet
Cyrillic alphabet-created by Cyril and Methodius

3. Christianity Splits-The Byzantine Empire Falls IN: 6.1.5
Eastern Church-rejects the pope’s authority as leader of all Christians
Church went through an official schism or split
Byzantine church-Eastern, Greek Orthodox church
Western church-Roman Catholic
Empire Falls
After the split or schism of the church
Arabs conquered most of Byzantine Empire-Muslims
Ottoman Turks captures Constantinople-change name to Istanbul
Islam introduced, center of Muslim culture

4. Creation of Kingdoms
450 CE Germanic tribes had taken control of the Western Roman Empire
Visigoths settled in Spain
Anglo-Saxons-Britain
Franks-Gaul (present day France and Belgium)
Charlemagne became king of the Franks from
Crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800
After his death-the empire was divided between his sons
Lands became the modern countries of France and Germany

5. Feudalism IN:
In the MA, warriors took control of most of the land, offered protection to peasants and pledged loyalty to the tribal leader called a lord or king.
Feudalism-The Medieval way of life The roles of . . .
King-provides $, recruits army, gives land to his many lords
Lords-protect kings, manage his lands
Knights-protect lords and kings (given land in return)
Peasants-work the land

6. Manorialism The relationship between lords or knights and peasants
The center was a manor-included castle, farmland, pastures, peasants and a village
Peasants known a serfs worked the land (not slaves)
Manors supplied all the food, clothing and shelter needed
Wife of a lord was called a lady

7. High and Late Middle Ages
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8. The Crusades-Holy War/Muslims in Spain IN: 6.1.7
1095-Pope Urban II urged knights to free the holy land of Muslims
Jerusalem where Jesus lived and taught
1096 Christians captured Jerusalem in the 1st and only successful crusade
By 1186, Muslim leader Saladin recaptured Jerusalem
By 718, Muslims conquered Spain
Made advances in math and medicine
Studied Greeks and Romans
Corboda became center of Muslim culture

9. Changes brought on by the Crusades IN: 6.1.7 and 6.1.9
Returning Crusaders increased trade.
Brought back spices and fabrics from the east.
The Rise of Cities
Improved farming-better food supply
Technology develops-clocks, eyeglasses, armor, cannons
Venice, Florence, Genoa and Naples become important trade cities
Merchants, craftspeople form guilds-an association of people who have a common livelihood.

10. The Reconquista IN: 6.1.12 The reconquering of Spain by Christians
1000s Christians began taking land back from Muslims
1469 Ferdinand of Aragon, Isabella of Castile marry, unite Spain
Inquisition –a church court set up to punish people who practiced other religions other than Christianity
Jews and Muslims where burned at the stake
150,000 Jews and Muslims fled Spain

11. Magna Carta IN: 6.2.2 Limiting the King of England’s Power
During the 1200s, King John demanded large amounts of money, set severe penalties for minor crimes without consulting the lords.
Stated the law, not the king has ultimate power
King John forced to sign Magna Carta, limiting his power leading England to a more democratic government
Magna Carta is the basis of the U.S. Constitution

12. Magna Carta 1215

13. End of the Medieval Europe
Hundred Years’ War
War between the kingdoms of England and France
France won- led by Joan of Arc
Black Death
1347 epidemic-Bubonic Plague
25 million people died, people began to doubt the church
Killed many of the peasants that worked on the manor, the rest went to work in the towns, better wages
Famine
1315 bad weather equals poor harvest equals 10-15% of the population dying by 1317
New Weapons
Feudal lords could not defend themselves against armor piercing arrows and cannons

14. Black Death 1347