1. Aim: How did England “tighten the grip” on her colonies?

2. What economic theory did England practice? MERCANTILISM colonies exist to benefit the mother country colonies exist to benefit the mother country tight gov’t control over industry and trade tight gov’t control over industry and trade export more than you import export more than you import more wealth = more power more wealth = more power

3. How did England control trade? Navigation Acts Navigation Acts

4. What were the Navigation Acts? 1650s- laws - regulated trade between England & colonies 1650s- laws - regulated trade between England & colonies Certain products - cotton & tobacco could only be shipped to Eng. Certain products - cotton & tobacco could only be shipped to Eng. Only colonial or English ships Only colonial or English ships could carry goods to & from the colonies

5. What were the triangular trade routes?

6. How did England control her colonies? Navigation Acts regulated trade between England and her colonies to ensure that only England could benefit from colonial trade Navigation Acts regulated trade between England and her colonies to ensure that only England could benefit from colonial trade

7. How do people feel about the Navigation Acts? English – “We love it!” – The colonies exist for our benefit; they should keep sending us all of those raw materials so we can turn them into products that we can sell back to the colonists! English – “We love it!” – The colonies exist for our benefit; they should keep sending us all of those raw materials so we can turn them into products that we can sell back to the colonists! Colonists – “We don’t like it!” - I want to sell my goods to anyone who will pay the highest price! How dare mother England control me! Let’s ignore these restrictive impediments on our wealth! How can we do that???? Colonists – “We don’t like it!” - I want to sell my goods to anyone who will pay the highest price! How dare mother England control me! Let’s ignore these restrictive impediments on our wealth! How can we do that????

8. What are the benefits for both? England Raw materials for industry Jobs for English workers Strengthens the Economy Colonies New England grows as a shipbuilding center New England grows as a shipbuilding center No competition for markets “No worries – we know that England will buy our goods”

9. Long term effects? Long term effects? How do you think the Navigation Acts will affect relations between “mother England” and her thirteen ”children?” How do you think the Navigation Acts will affect relations between “mother England” and her thirteen ”children?”

10. Government In the Colonies

11. How are the colonies governed? Governors Governors enforced laws, enforced laws, direct affairs of the colony direct affairs of the colony Legislature- people who make laws Legislature- people who make laws Upper house – men picked by governor Upper house – men picked by governor Lower house- elected assemblies Lower house- elected assemblies Voting- only white male property owners over 21- Christian Voting- only white male property owners over 21- Christian

12. What English practices are being used in the colonies? Magna Carta- 1215- limited power of the monarch Magna Carta- 1215- limited power of the monarch The English Bill of Rights- 1689 The English Bill of Rights- 1689 Parliament- law making body in England

13. The English Bill of Rights Elections to Parliament must be free. Elections to Parliament must be free. If accused of a crime, you have a right to a trial by jury. If accused of a crime, you have a right to a trial by jury. People have a right to carry weapons. People have a right to carry weapons. The King or Queen cannot collect taxes without the consent of Parliament. The King or Queen cannot collect taxes without the consent of Parliament. There can be no army in times of peace. There can be no army in times of peace. There can be no excessive bail or cruel punishment for those convicted of crimes There can be no excessive bail or cruel punishment for those convicted of crimes

14. The Trial of John Peter Zenger Arrested for publishing an article that criticized the governor of NY Arrested for publishing an article that criticized the governor of NY Accused of libel Accused of libel Libel- publishing a statement that may unjustly damage someone’s reputation Libel- publishing a statement that may unjustly damage someone’s reputation He was acquitted He was acquitted Led to freedom of the press in the colonies Led to freedom of the press in the colonies

16. Where Would You Want to Live: England or the colonies? Colonists had more freedom Colonists had more freedom Women – more rights in colonies but less than white men Women – more rights in colonies but less than white men African Americans- indentured servants- Native Americans- almost no rights African Americans- indentured servants- Native Americans- almost no rights