1. Civil War
Today’s LEQ: How did America react to a Civil War?

2. New Technology
Both sides anticipated a quick win, but new technology brought a war of attrition – a long, bloody battle where both sides suffered heavy losses

3. New Technology
Bullet – long piece of metal w/ rounded end

5. New Technology
2. Rifling – spiral groove cut inside gun barrel

6. New Technology
Shell – Exploding cannon ball

7. New Technology
Canister – Shell filled w/ tiny lead balls

8. New Technology
Ironclad Gunboats – steamships w/ iron plating

9. Challenges Facing Government Leaders
While the war raged, leaders in both the Union and the Confederacy faced enormous challenges.
Huge, expensive military effort
Lots of lives lost on both sides
Needed to maintain public support for an increasingly unpopular struggle

10. Increased Government Power
Lincoln needed to keep the border states in the Union; pro-secession mobs attacked a Union regiment as it moved through Baltimore
Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus – the right to a trial before imprisonment

11. Increased Government Power
Lacking sufficient volunteers, Lincoln enacted a military draft in 1863.
All white men between 20 and 45 were required to report for military duty – triggers draft riots

12. Increased Government Power
To help pay for the war, Lincoln signed the Internal Revenue Act – tax on liquor, tobacco, medicine & paper
Now known as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
Created National Currency: Greenbacks

13. Increased Government Power
Lincoln decided that tying the war effort to freeing the slaves made sense
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation – freed all slaves living in states “in rebellion against the U.S.”
Slaves living in areas loyal to or under Union control were not affected.

14. Company C of the 54th MA Regiment
1st African American Regiment
Led by Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
Most of the regiment was killed during attack on Fort Wagner, SC

16. Medical Conditions
TERRIBLE!
Docs did not sterilize equipment!
Went days w/out washing equipment!
High rates of infection

22. Medical Conditions Some tried to make changes:
Clara Barton – gave first aide to troops & started Red Cross
Dorothea Dix – organized Union’s nursing corps

24. Misconceptions Both sides anticipated a quick, easy win!
Some Americans thought that the battles were entertainment.
Showed up in their Sunday best with picnics
Battle of 1st Bull Run through Battle of Gettysburg ( )

25. Move around the room to read about key battles from the Civil War.
Battle Activity
Move around the room to read about key battles from the Civil War.
Record information on your chart.

26. At First…
South had the upper hand
Fighting defensive war, fighting to protect way of life, had better officers
Won most of the battles in the first year

27. Turning the Tide
Vicksburg & Gettysburg
How did the North turn the tide?

28. War of Attrition
Turned into a war of attrition
North knew that it could win if it just wore the South down.
South didn’t have enough men or supplies.

29. Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Lee & Grant
Surrender
Appomattox Court House
April 9, 1865
Lee & Grant