1. Immigration to the U.S Late 1800’s
Mrs. Marshall

2. The New Immigrant 14 million immigrants between 1860 and 1890
1890’s 50% came from eastern & southern Europe
Italians, Greeks, Poles, Slavs, Romanians
Many European Jews

3. Reasons Europeans immigrated
PUSH
Avoid forced military service
Avoid religious persecution
PULL
Jobs
Democratic nation

4. The Atlantic Voyage Difficult trip Steerage – lowest deck of ship
14 day trip
Ellis Island – processing center
Health, legal, mental exams

5. Why wasn’t I admitted? X = possible mental L = lameness CT =trachoma
C = conjunctivitis
S = senility
H = heart
X with circle around it = definite mental illness
K = hernia

6. Immigration to the United States, 1870-1900

7. Ethnic Cities New York, Chicago, Milwaukee, Detroit
Lived in ethnic neighborhoods
Spoke native language, churches, newspapers
Some learn English/adapt to culture
1/3 went back to Europe

8. Asian Immigration (Chinese)
Crossed the Pacific Ocean
Chinese immigrants settled in Western cities
Worked as laborers, opened businesses
Reasons to leave
430 million
High unemployment
Poverty
Famine
Gold Rush
Taiping Rebellion
1860s Central Pacific Railroad

9. Asian Immigration (Japanese)
Increased in 1900
Left due to hardships
Angel Island
1910
San Francisco, California
Barracks
Males,20’s,bunk beds
Waited to status

10. Nativism More immigrants led to negative feelings from Americans
Nativism – extreme dislike for immigrants and a desire to limit immigration
Nativist opposed immigration b/c :
Many immigrants Catholic, work for low wages, strikebreakers

11. Anti immigration Organizations
American Protective Association
Peaked with 1 million members
Hated foreigners & Catholics
Wanted to stop immigration
Workingman’s Party of California
Started by Irish immigrants
Against Chinese immigration
Fought for anti Chinese immigration legislation

12. Anti immigration legislation
1882 – Chester Arthur President
Law passed to ban convicts, paupers, mentally disabled
.50 tax on each new comer
1882 – Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned Chinese for ten years
Chinese in country can’t be citizens
Act renewed in 1892, became permanent in 1902
,000; ,000
Repealed in 1943

13. Why so much hate towards Asians?

15. Tenements and the Problems of Overcrowding
Tenement problems
inadequate sanitation
poor ventilation
polluted water
Urban problems
poor public health
juvenile crime