1. Writing and Responding to a Good Speech

2. The 4 Methods of Speaking
There are 4 methods of speaking:
Extemporaneous
Impromptu
Memorized
Manuscript

3. Extemporaneous
A speech that is carefully planned, outlined, and rehearsed.
It is not memorized.
The speaker just knows the general direction and concepts covered in the speech’s intro, body, and conclusion.
Of the 4 methods, this is the most preferred because it allows for flexibility in delivery.

4. Impromptu This means “spur of the moment”
There is typically no fore-warning
This typically causes stressful and unfocused speaking

5. Memorized
This is where the speaker delivers a “word for word” speech using no aids.
It is expected to be delivered VERBATIM
This is the worst type of speech to give because the speaker cannot adapt to the needs of listeners.
It will cause a STILTED delivery because attention will be focused upon remembering word sequence rather than communicating ideas

6. Manuscript
Typically used in television, radio, or in extremely formal occasions when exact wording and timing are essential.
To read a speech well from manuscript requires special attention to:
Establishing lengthy eye contact
Making the speech sound “talked” and not “read”

7. Getting your speech ready
There are 6 steps to preparing a great speech.
When you are assigned a speech, progressively do each of the following in order to prepare and present a successful speech!

8. Step One: Determine the General Purpose of the Speech:
There are 3 general purposes of a speech:
To Inform
To persuade
To entertain

9. To Inform To make your audience understand an idea. Examples:
How to swing a golf club
The three steps to getting an “A” in government
The writers behind The Office – 2009
Lincoln’s assasination – one theory
9/11 – a government conspiracy

10. To Persuade To influence an audience’s beliefs
To intensify an audience’s feelings
To get immediate action
You must state as a proposition for change
You are attacking a local, state, or government issue and demanding a policy change.

11. To Entertain
To amuse the audience with humor and curious bits of information
Not a series of jokes or one-liners
Often involves several personal stories

12. Step two: Select and Narrow your subject
This is where you what you will talk about
Be sure you consider time allotted for your speech to determine how far down you must break your general topic.
This is where you select your SPECIFIC PUROSE of your speech. While most English classes would call this purpose a thesis statement, in speech, we call it your assert statement.

13. Step two: Select and Narrow your subject
Factors to keep in mind:
Select a subject you know something about
Select a subject that interests you – if you show interest, or passion, your audience will too!!
Choose a subject in which you can interest your audience
Select a subject that you can discuss fully in the time allowed!! LIMIT, LIMIT, LIMIT!!

14. Step 3: Analyze your audience and the occasion
Interview your audience, so you can custom-make your speech for that particular group
Consider the age, sex, interests, and attitudes of your audience when preparing your speech.
Consider the occasion: is it Formal? Serious? Dignified?

15. Step 4: Gather Material
Always consider multiple places to gather material or conduct research
Look at:
Yourself: What do you already know about the subject?
Observe others: Do some first-hand observations of the thing your are interested in speaking about
Converse with authorities: Talk to people who are respected within your topic’s field.
Outside sources: internet, magazines, books, blogs

16. Step 4: Gather Material
Remember to ALWAYS cite your information both within the speech and to your audience – typically with an “According to…” statement.
Always include a SEPARATE WORKS CITED page
In the English world, we use MLA version 7. The best source (with the most up-to-date info) can be found at:

17. Step 5: Outline the Speech
We will be using a VERY SPECIFIC and LOGICAL outlining format.
It is structured in the way that a listener thinks.
Your grades will rely VERY HEAVILY on you understanding the proper format that we will use when outlining our speeches.
You will be graded on using the proper stair-step method which we will learn later.

18. Step 5: Outline the Speech
To start off, realize an outline is broken into three main areas which are separated by major and minor transitions.

19. Step 5: Outline the Speech
The Intro
Capture – grab your audience’s attention
Motivate – make them want to listen to your information
Assert – give the general purpose of your speech
Preview – give the specific sub topics coming up in the body of your speech

20. Step 5: Outline the Speech
The Body:
Consisting of your three main points, which are supported by sub points.
Each main point and sub point are linked together with major and minor transitions.

21. Step 5: Outline the Speech
The Conclusion:
Re-state Assert – Re-tell your audience the general purpose of your speech
Re-State Preview – Re-tell your 3 specific body points (using different wording than you did in the intro)
Call to Action – Ask your audience to do something (try, taste, argue, fight, experience)
Round Off – However you grabbed our attention, try to finish in the same, yet different way. Like if you started with a quote, finish with a different, but totally relatable quote.

22. Step 6: Practice!!!
With outline in hand, practice in front of a mirror, saying the speech OUT LOUD!
Practice until you know your speech VERY WELL!
After practicing several times and using your outline as a manuscript, set the outline aside.
Try presenting your speech without using your outline.

23. Step 6: Practice!!! If you forget where you are, look at the outline.
Your goal is to rely less on your outline and more on the ideas that are coming up in your speech.
As you start to know the direction of your speech, think about adding pauses and gestures to help add emphasis to your speech.

24. Works Cited
Tanner, Fran. Creative Communication – 5th Edition.Logan,IA: Perfection Learning Corporation, Print.