1. Kentucky in the Civil War
…stuck in the middle…

2. Lincoln’s Attitude Toward KY
“I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game…”

3. List three reasons why Lincoln thinks KY is so important.
Prediction Time…
List three reasons why Lincoln thinks KY is so important.

4. Background Information
Kentucky was part of the Virginia colony
Early pioneers (Walker, Boone, Kenton, etc) explored KY before the Am. Rev. War
KY was a premiere destination during the westward migration over the Appalachian Mountains after Am. Rev. War
Many pioneers came from PA (northern colony), VA, TN, & NC (southern colonies)

5. Background Information
Kentucky became 15th state, June 1792
Kentucky’s legislature passed the “Kentucky Resolutions” in 1798/1799:
states’ rights were more important than the needs of the federal government
states could withdraw from the USA
…Henry Clay was leader of the Whig Party and the Speaker of the House

6. KY’s Antebellum Population
By 1860, Kentucky had:
9th largest pop. in the USA (1.1 mil)
3rd largest pop. of Southern states
914,000 white people
226,000 black slaves
10,000 free blacks

7. KY’s Antebellum Economy
By 1860, Kentucky:
was #1 producer of hemp and tobacco
was ranked 7th in the value of farms
made best whiskey & bourbon in USA
produced large quantities of corn, wheat, flax, horses & mules
was 15th in manufacturing capacity
linked to the South via OH & MS rivers

8. Slavery in Kentucky 25% of whites owned slaves
most slaves lived in “Bluegrass Region”
slavery in KY was unlike slavery in the “deep South”
KY farms needed fewer slaves than the cotton plantations
“excess” slaves were sold to the South

9. Prediction Time, again…
Re-examine your predictions.
Alter your predictions if you want.

10. The Election of 1860 John Bell 66,000 52,800 S. Douglas 40,300 Lincoln
Con. Union
66,000
Breckinridge
So. Dem
52,800
S. Douglas
No. Dem.
40,300
Lincoln
Republican
1,350

11. KY’s Political Attitude
Governor Magoffin was pro-slavery & pro-secessionist
KY legislature was pro-slavery & pro-Union

12. KY People’s Attitude most Kentuckians were pro-slavery & pro-Union
most Kentuckians believed Lincoln was an abolitionist
most Kentuckians wanted to stay neutral
most Kentuckians hoped North and South would find a compromise and avoid war

13. KY’s Geographic Importance
borders Ohio R.
controls trade along river
meets the Mississippi R. at western tip of KY

14. KY’s Geographic Importance
borders three Northern states: OH, IN, IL
borders three Southern states: MO, TN, VA

15. KY’s Geographic Importance
US Army wanted to invade the South by crossing through KY
CS Army wanted to invade the North by crossing through KY

16. KY Contributes to the CW
100,000 pro-Union men joined the United States Army
75,000 white men
25,000 black men
67 KY men were generals in US Army
40,000 pro-Secession men joined the Confederate States Army
38 KY men were generals in CS Army

17. KY contributes to the CW
Some families sent men to both armies
KY resources (food, money, supplies, etc.) were taken by, or given to, both armies
KY had two governments (one pro-Union, one pro-Confederate)
KY had a star on the USA flag and on the CSA flag

18. 2. Share: Discuss with your neighbor the decisions you have made.
Think, Pair, Share
1. Think: What are the three most important contributions KY made to the Civil War?
2. Share: Discuss with your neighbor the decisions you have made.

19. The Civil War in Kentucky
Both armies wanted to control KY
Both armies “invaded” KY in 1862
CSA army came into Northern KY to determine if it could invade Cincinnati
discovered the US Army had built forts to protect Cincinnati (e.g. Ft. Wright, Ft. Mitchell, and Ft. Thomas)
retreated back into central KY

20. The Civil War in Boone Cty.
Largest battle in Boone County was called the Skirmish at Snow’s Pond
South of Florence, near Walton
25 September, 1862
USA Army: ???
Casualties: at least 50
CSA Army: at least 500
Casualties: ???

21. 1862: Battles in Kentucky
Cincinnati

22. The Civil War in Kentucky
Largest battle in KY was the Battle of Perryville (USA victory as CSA retreated)
Southwest of Lexington
8-9 October, 1862
USA Army: ,000
Casualties: 4,300
CSA Army: ,000
Casualties: 3,400

23. Based on what you have just learned, by 1863, who was in charge of KY…
Drawing an inference…
Based on what you have just learned, by 1863, who was in charge of KY…
the USA or the CSA?

24. CSA “Raids” in Kentucky
The Confederate Army conducted “guerrilla” raids in KY to:
terrorize Northern sympathizers
encourage Southern sympathizers to enlist in Confederate Army
gather supplies for the CS Army
force the US to station troops in KY

25. CSA “Raids” in Kentucky
Confederate Army “guerrilla” raids in KY:
December 1862 by John Hunt Morgan
Summer 1863 by John Hunt Morgan
Spring 1864 by Nathan Bedford Forrest
June 1864 by John Hunt Morgan

26. Union Occupation of KY
US Gen. J. T. Boile was placed in command of KY ( )
Tried to “pacify” the citizens
Interfered with local elections
US Gen. St. “the butcher” Berberage was placed in command of KY ( )
Tried to “re-educate” the citizens
Interfered with election of 1864
Interfered with trade

27. After the Civil War
Pro-Union slave owners became angry at the North and Lincoln because:
The US Army treated KY like it was a “captured” slave state
abused citizens civil rights
the Union Army let black men enlist
the 13th Amendment outlawed slavery

28. After the Civil War KY’s schools were ruined KY’s economy was ruined
Money loaned to the CSA was lost
30,000 KY men were dead
90,000 horses were gone
170,000 cattle were gone
Slaves were all set free

29. After the Civil War Returning Union soldiers were not cheered
Returning Confederate soldiers were treated like heroes
KY’s economy was not important to either the North or the South
Ex-CSA men were elected to the post-war legislature

30. Irony of the Civil War in KY
Before the war, KY was pro-Union (north)
After the war, KY was pro-Confederate (south)

31. 2. Share: Discuss with your neighbor the things you have learned.
Think, Pair, Share
1. Think: What are the three coolest things you’ve learned about KY in the Civil War?
2. Share: Discuss with your neighbor the things you have learned.

32. Kentucky in the Civil War
…stuck in the middle…