1. The Presidency
Mr. Hayward
Government

2. Sources of Presidential Power
Constitutional Powers
Constitution is very vague
executive power of the nation will be vested in a president?????
Need for a Strong Executive
Did not want a tyrant
But wanted a strong executive
Carry out acts of congress
Hold the legislature in check
Legislature is the most powerful branch

3. Sources of Presidential Power
Powers Defined in the Constitution
Article II of the Constitution
power to execute laws, veto legislation, command the military, and engage with foreign leaders.
With Senate approval
can make treaties with foreign nations and appoint ambassadors and federal judges.

4. Sources of Presidential Power
Inherent Powers
those claimed by the president that are not clearly expressed in the Constitution
“the executive power shall be vested in a President”
The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson assumed through executive power
Roosevelt Quoted…“I have used every ounce of power there was in the office and I have not cared a rap for the criticisms of those who spoke of my ‘usurpation of power’; … I believe that the efficiency of this Government depends upon its possessing a strong central executive….”

5. Sources of Presidential Power
Inherent Powers
Korean War
Truman tried to take over nations steel mills to prevent disruption
Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional
Cannot seize private property

6. Sources of Presidential Power
Immediate Needs of the Nation
Can happen during war or emergencies
Civil War – Lincoln – Jailed opponents of union, raised armies without congressional approval
FDR – created the New Deal to create jobs during depression
George W. Bush – Declared war on terrorism, created Patriot Act - Spying
Executive Privilege
Not in constitution
Withholding info from congress – SC ruled yes

7. Sources of Presidential Power
Popular Opinion
They say that since they won the election, the people must agree with their plans and priorities.
Reagan did this wonderfully

8. Sources of Presidential Power
Checks and Balances of Pres. Powers
Supreme Court can rule executive actions unconstitutional
Congress can pass legislation even if a president vetoes it
Senate must confirm a president’s appointees and all treaties.
Congress must also approve the budget

9. Sources of Presidential Power
Checks and Balances of Pres. Powers
House and Senate can also impeach the president
House of Representatives initiates the impeachment
Senate investigates the accusation and then votes about whether or not to remove the president from office.
two presidents have been impeached
President Andrew Johnson over issues related to how southern states would be reconstructed – Senate acquitted by 1 vote

10. Sources of Presidential Power
Checks and Balances of Pres. Powers
1998 the House voted to impeach President Bill Clinton over charges that he committed perjury and obstructed justice in an investigation about his relationship with someone who worked in the White House
Senate acquitted him

11. Seven Main Roles of the President
What Role Means
1. Head of State
2. Chief Executive
3. Commander in Chief
4. Chief Diplomat
5. Legislative leader
6. Economic Planner
7. Party leader

12. Seven Main Roles of the President
What Role Means
1. Head of State
ceremonial figure representing the United States.
2. Chief Executive
the president leads the executive branch of government, which implements the laws that Congress passes. The president also appoints (with Senate confirmation) federal judges and the heads of executive departments and agencies.
3. Commander in Chief
the president is responsible for the nation’s security and is in charge of the military.
4. Chief Diplomat
the president meets with foreign leaders, appoints ambassadors, and makes treaties (with Senate approval).
5. Legislative leader
State of the Union Address, proposes legislation, signs or vetoes laws, special sessions of congress
6. Economic Planner
Prepares an annual budget for congressional approval. Uses economic advisors to do so.
7. Party leader
Leads his own political party. Rewards party supporters with positions in government

13. Head of State and Chief Executive
The Appointment Power    
Can appoint 23 cabinet members
Partially limited by the Senate….have to approve top level appointments.
Assignment…Look up the 23 cabinet positions in the executive branch and who holds each position on President Obama’s staff.
Add a description of each position as well

14. President as Commander in Chief
Power to Make War
Congress retains the power to declare war, as well as the power to provide the funds to pay for the military
Even so, presidents have sent American forces into action many times without a formal declaration of war.   

15. President as Commander in Chief
War Powers Act of 1973
Passed by congress
limit the president’s ability to wage war without a formal declaration by Congress
prevented presidents from committing troops to combat for more than 60 days without congressional approval
allowed Congress to order the president to disengage troops involved in an undeclared war

16. President as Commander in Chief
War Powers Act of 1973
The law has not substantially changed presidential engagement in war-making, however
Nixon vetoed the law, but Congress mustered enough votes to override his veto

17. President as Commander in Chief
Since 1973……..
President George H.W. Bush ordered an invasion of Panama to overthrow the dictator Manuel Noriega…without approval
In 2001 President George W. Bush began the “war on terrorism” by sending troops to Afghanistan…congressed gave special authorization
2011 President Obama did not receive congressional approval for NATO airstrikes in Libya by the 60-day deadline

18. President as Commander in Chief
Shadow Wars
fought in secret by special operations troops
hired private contractors, and armed drones—remote-controlled, pilotless aircraft firing missiles.
It is aimed at tracking down and killing terrorists in places like Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Pentagon have the primary responsibility for such operations under the overall direction and authority of the president.

19. President as Commander in Chief
Shadow Wars
fought in secret by special operations troops
hired private contractors, and armed drones—remote-controlled, pilotless aircraft firing missiles.
It is aimed at tracking down and killing terrorists in places like Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Pentagon have the primary responsibility for such operations under the overall direction and authority of the president.