1. Deaf History & Important People

2. Abbe Sicard Roman catholic priest
Trained by Abbe Charles Michel De Leppe
Took over when ACM De Leppe died.
Was arrested and thrown into prison
Deaf students & Jean Massieu petitioned for his release
Received official pardon one hour before his scheduled execution
Took J Massieu and L Clerc to London to meet T. Gallaudet

3. Thomas Braidwood Academy
Total Communication??
Combined oral, gestures and signs
The Braidwood School taught speech but also used British Sign Language.
T Gallaudet tried to visit this school but they didn’t want to share their methods.
Private school
Located in Britain & Scotland
In 1815 grandson opened a school in Virginia –was only open one year.
Francis Green impressed with Charles progress.

4. Samuel Heinecke The German method
Opened first free oral school in Germany
“Father of pure oralism.”
“It is only by learning articulated speech that a deaf person gains position in a hearing society”
Learn the pronunciation of vowels by using their taste buds.   Pure water was used to say ie, sugar water for o, olive oil for ou, absinthe for e, and vinegar for a
used a speech machine (artificial throat and tongue)
Feel the throat

5. Jean Massieu was refused schooling till the age of 13
Learned very quickly
coinventor of Sicard's famous systems of signs for educating deaf children.
Taught Laurent Clerc

6. Ferdinand Berthier
Established first organization for the deaf
Defender of deafness, deaf culture, sign language
Enrolled in school at the age of 8.
Taught by Jean Massiu and Laurent Clerc
Hosted first silent banquet (1834) for DeLEppe’s birthday

7. Dr ( and Alice) Cogswell
Dr. Mason Cogswell – first surgeon to remove cataracts
Very close to Alice
Invited 10 friends to discuss & raise money to send T. Gallaudet to Europe
Alice lost her hearing due to illness
Siblings didn’t speak to her
At age 9 met T. Gallaudet
Taught through drawing pictures

8. Thomas Gallaudet 1800’s
Thomas Gallaudet went to England/France to learn how to teach deaf students.
He met Laurent Clerc and Abbe Sicard.

9. Teamwork (LC & TG) Laurent Clerc A deaf man Thomas Gallaudet
Taught TG French sign language for 3 months plus on the voyage home (52 days)
Planned to stay for only 1 year
1st deaf person to speak to Connecticut Legislature
Thomas Gallaudet
Original school in English refused to share their ideas with him.
Abbe Sicard and Laurent Clerc tutored him for 3 months.

10. American School for the Deaf
Gallaudet and Clerc founded the American School for the Deaf in Connecticut.
Originally met in a hotel
State paid for only 5 years of education
In 1818, students age ranged from 10-51
T. Gallaudet was the prinicipal
L. Clerc was the teacher
Classes: reading, writing, math, georgraphy, history & Bible
Schools were an important part of the deaf community