1. Industrial Revolution

2. Dicken’s London
Reading

3. Life in London Hair Tonic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWtWsLi5Tl8
Meat Pies

4. How people lived… Still like the Middle Ages Landowners Farmers
Families small
High infant mortality rate 1 in 3 die 1st year of life
Children 1 in 2 lived to be 21 years old
Life expectance 40 years old

5. Economic Foundation Wool Coal Farming Guilds (Crafts people) Villages
Limited transportation
Self sufficient

6. Village Life Most people never went beyond their village
Domestic system
Worked from home
Family all part of system
Common Land
Private and public lands not fenced off
Animals grazed

7. Changes Agriculture to Manufacturing
Enclosure movement – parliament supports landowners fencing off private and common lands.
Displaces small farmer who need common land
Forced to find another way of life

8. Town Life w1 Only 25% lived in town
In 1750 London was the largest city in Europe with an est. 700,000 pop.
Doc pop.

9. Textile Industry Capital- Labor, machines, raw materials, money
Labor-farmers w/o farms
Quick Clip:
Start at 3:30

10. Stop 17

11. Supply Transportation Raw materials –
Rivers, Sea ports (harbors)
Think about England. Why would an industrial rev. do well here?
Raw materials –
wool, iron, coal, natural resources

12. Production Machines-Innovation and Inventions Innovation-improvement
Flying shuttle
Spinning jenny
Power loom
Cotton gin
Steamboats
Rail roads
Steam engine
Innovation-improvement
Invention –new

13. Land Changes Reallocation of land use
Crop rotation systems- rotate crops to not exhaust the soil for better returns
Seed drill- invented by Jethro Tull

14. The Emergence of Mass Society in the Western World Modernity19
The Emergence of Mass Society in the Western World Modernity

15. The Industrial Regions of Europe at the End of the Nineteenth Century

16. The Growth of Industrial Prosperity
New Products and New Patterns
Substitution of steel for iron
Electricity
Radio Waves
Telephone
Department Stores-mass consumerism
Street cars (electric)
Cars
Airplanes
Germany replaces Britain as industrial leader
Europe’s two economic zones

17. Worker Prosperity Wage increases Lower product costs Consumerism
Sewing machines
Clocks
**Bicycles
Typewriters

18. Still Falling behind Southern Europe (Italy) Austria-Hungary Spain
Portugal
Balkan Kingdoms
Russia
All are agricultural and only traded raw materials did not produce goods

19. Organizing the Working Class
Karl Marx ( ) and Friedrich Engels ( ), The Communist Manifesto
History is that of class struggles
Overthrow the bourgeoisie
Eventually there would be a classless society
German Social Democratic Party (SPD), 1875
In the Reichstag worked to pass legislation to improve the conditions of the worker
4 million votes in 1912 elections in Germany
Trade Unions
Right to strike in Britain gained in 1870s
4 million members by 1914 in Britain B3

20. Population Growth in Europe, 1820-1900
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21. The Emergence of Mass Society
New Urban Environment
Growth of cities: by 1914,
80%of the population in Britain lived in cities (40 percent in 1800);
45 percent in France (25 percent in 1800);
60 percent in Germany (25 percent in 1800);
30 percent in eastern Europe (10 percent in 1800)
Migration from rural to urban

22. Improving living conditions
Boards of health set up
Clean water into the city
Expulsion of sewage
Housing needs
British Housing Act, 1890, allowed town councils to construct cheap housing for workers
Octavia Hill -poor need guidance not charity (teaching a man to fish vs. giving a man a fish)

23. The Social Structure of Mass Society
New idea: Less on privilege/birth and more on MONEY
The Elite
5 percent of the population that controlled
30 to 40 percent of wealth
The Middle Classes
Upper middle class, middle middle-class, lower middle-class
Professionals
White-collar workers
Change of values in the Victorian period
The Lower classes
80 percent of the European population
Skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled workers 
*Work day is only 10 hours long now!!

24. The Experiences of Women
Marriage and the Family
Difficulty for single women to earn a living-was not proper to
Most women married
Birth control
Female control of family size
Middle-class family
Men provided income and women focused on household and child care
Fostered the idea of togetherness
Victorian ideas
Christmas
Working-class families
Daughters work until married
1890 to 1914 higher paying jobs made it possible to live on the husband’s wages
New consumer products (Sewing machines, bikes)
Compulsory Education Laws- took children out of the factories

25. Movement for Women’s Rights
Fight to own property
Access to higher education
Access to jobs dominated by men:
teaching, nursing
Florence Nightengale and Clara Barton- Nurses
Demand for equal political rights
Most vocal was the British movement
Emmeline Pankhurst ( ), Women’s Social and Political Union, 1903 (RADICAL)
Suffragettes

26. Education in an Age of Mass Society
In early 19th century reserved for elites or the wealthier middle class
Between 1870 and 1914 most Western governments began to offer at least primary education to both boys and girls between 6 and 12
Reasons:
Needs of industrialization
Need for an educated electorate-voters
To instill patriotism
Compulsory elementary education created a demand for teachers, most were women
“Natural role” of women

27. Leisure in an Age of Mass Society
Transportation systems meant:
Working class could go to amusement parks, dance halls, beaches, and team sporting activities
English Football Association 1863
American Bowling Congress 1895

28. Ferris Wheel

29. Soccer