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Unit 2 Notes: Imperialism (Part 1)
Students will learn how the US became a major world power, and diplomacy with neighboring countries and abroad.
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What is (American) imperialism
Watch the video As you watch…write down 10 FACTS from the video on the topic After the video…Share you 5 favorite facts with 2 other people Create your own BIG QUESTION??? Tomorrow…we will have a notes quiz…be prepared to use your notes from today to answer a BIG QUESTION!
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Yellow journalist activity https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sg0bS_gPD4Q
Your mission: Become a reporter of the NY Journal Newspaper and report a story! There’s a catch…your story will be sensationalized. ROUGH DRAFT & FINAL COPY (COPY PAPER)! Make an eye-catching title! Use your imagination, Create a “pen name” (fake name) Add a small (cartoon-like) picture Add whatever exaggerated details you like Include an exaggerated result to the problem Be funny, scary, silly…not too serious Must be at least 1 ½ - 2 paragraphs long YELLOW JOURNALISM…Elements of MY paper: sensational headline, sensational main idea, details of the crazy event, was the problem fixed, future news, and catchy closing
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Chapter 10 Notes (Part 1) Imperialism
4 Reason why countries imperialized: European expansion—REASONS??? Theodore Roosevelt (5 facts) Rough Riders (5 facts) Spanish-American War Roosevelt’s Corollary – “The Big Stick Policy” Monroe Doctrine Social Darwinism Anglo-Saxonism 1852-President Franklin Pierce Commodore Matthew C. Perry William Seward Pearl Harbor Hawaii & “BIG sugar” 1891-Queen Liliuokalani Open Door Policy yellow journalism (popular newspapers) Alfred T. Mahan Henry Cabot Lodge
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New Imperialism Many Americans wanted to make the US a world power
Imperialism—the economic and political domination of a strong nation over other weaker nations. Reasons for European expansion: More profit for investors in Asia & Africa IMPORTANT: to protect investments Europeans began exercising control there Colonies & protectorates (local rulers stay in control and are protected from invasion, but Europeans controlled the gov’t.)
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198. What was the United States foreign policy in the late 1800’s?
Imperialism What was imperialism? Imperialism is a policy by which one country takes control of another land or country. Several European countries controlled almost the entire continent of Africa between 1870 and 1914, as well as part of Asia and the Middle East. At the turn of the 20th century, people believed US should acquire overseas colonies to maintain a strong economy. These people were known as Imperialist. Why? Raw materials Gain territory to maintain a global balance of power. Expand their markets to other nations Duty to spread their culture and religion.
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201. What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
Roosevelt’s Corollary – The Big Stick An amendment to the Monroe Doctrine. Review Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt’s Corollary stated that the United States had the right to intervene if a nation in the Western Hemisphere had trouble paying back its foreign creditors. Roosevelt steered the United States more actively into world politics. He liked to quote a favorite proverb, "Speak softly and carry a big stick..” International police power in the Caribbean and Latin America.
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American Imperialism Social Darwinism-US said the strongest nations would survive. Used this as an excuse to take over other weaker nations On step farther…English speaking countries are superior to other nations and should be in control—Anglo-Saxonism Japanese refused to trade with US; believed it would destroy their culture; traded with China & Dutch instead
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The US moves farther west
1852-President Franklin Pierce forced Japan to trade with US Commodore Matthew C. Perry-sent to negotiate a treaty with Japan Treaty led to Japanese industrial revolution Hawaii & “BIG sugar” 1819-missionaries settled there Started sugar-cane plantations and cut tariffs for Hawaii making planters very rich 1887-planters tried to overthrow king of Hawaii 1891-Queen Liliuokalani became queen, tried to gain Hawaiian independence, but was overthrown by the planters
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202b. (a) What was the goal of America’s “open-door-policy” with China, (b) the acquisition of Hawaii, and (c) the Spanish-American War? 1850s – US business leaders invested in sugar plantations in the Hawaiian Islands. As time passed, they gained economic control over the island and struggled for power with the Hawaiian monarch. 1893 – Wealthy white plantation owners rebelled against Queen Liliuokalani. With the help of US troops from a nearby ship, plantation owners seized the islands and removed the queen. In 1898, Hawaii became a territory of the United States.
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This policy is known as the Open Door Policy.
202a. What was the goal of America’s (a)“open-door-policy” with China, (b) the acquisition of Hawaii, and (c) the Spanish-American War? Open Door Policy 1899 – 1900 – United States Secretary of State John Hay promoted an agreement with the nations of Great Britain, Japan, France, Germany, Russia and Italy that kept China open to trade for all nations. This policy is known as the Open Door Policy.
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202c.What was the goal of America’s (a) “open-door-policy” with China, (b) the acquisition of Hawaii, and (c) the Spanish-American War? 1890s – The Spanish government in Cuba violated the human rights of its citizens. The New York World and the New York Morning Journal competed against one another by publishing the most sensational stories surrounding the abuses in Cuba. As a result, people of the US sympathized with the plight of the Cubans against Spain. This type of sensational writing was disregard for the truth is known as yellow journalism.
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Imperialism and the United States 1850 – 1933 The Spanish-American War
Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders
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197. Who were the Rough Riders?
Theodore Roosevelt recruited an eclectic group of volunteers that included cowboys, miners, policemen, and college athletes that became known as the Rough Riders. On July 1, 1898, Roosevelt led the Rough Riders in a charge up San Juan Hill, Cuba. Through a series of daring military exercises, United States troops and the Rough Riders liberated Cuba from Spanish control. Spanish-American War
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Pan-Americanism US sought to control parts of Latin American (LA) trade (to show their dominance to Europeans) 1889-US invited LA delegates to Washington to discuss how they could work together to increase trade-Pan-Americanism Nations their agreed to build a new trade network in the Western Hemisphere
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Modern Navy US had built its military strength and was willing to risk war to protect its overseas interests Alfred T. Mahan-captain who believed the US needed a powerful navy (protect merchant ships and territory). Wrote a book about it. Henry Cabot Lodge-senator who pushed to build a strong navy US would become one of the world’s biggest naval powers
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Chapter 10 Notes, P.2 Emiliano Zapata
List 4 ways Roosevelt helped to make the U.S. a world power. President McKinley William Jennings Bryan Panama Canal Theodore Roosevelt Leon Czolgosz What event made Roosevelt president? Boxer Rebellion China vs. Japan (1894) U.S.S. Maine Jose Marti William Randolph Hearst Valeriano Weyler Joseph Pulitzer Yellow journalism December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris Emilio Aguinaldo Foraker Act
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Yellow Journalism 1898-the U.S.S. Maine blew up in the harbor in Havana, Cuba Reasons: a mine blew near the boat, the ship’s ammunition supply blew up, the Spanish did it Jose Marti-immigrant from Cuba who trained soldiers to go back to Cuba and fight in 1895 William Randolph Hearst- published the New York Journal Joseph Pulitzer-published the New York World Both reported the gruesome acts of the Spanish on the Cubans Yellow journalism-name given to this sensationalized writing (some of it was untrue); like present day tabloid news
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This event was the beginning to the Spanish-American War
202c.What was the goal of America’s (a) “open-door-policy” with China, (b) the acquisition of Hawaii, and the Spanish-American War? On February 15, 1898, the U.S.S. Maine, a US battleship, exploded while anchored in Havana harbor. US newspapers blamed Spain and the US prepared for war. On April 25, 1898, Congress adopted a resolution declaring war with Spain. This event was the beginning to the Spanish-American War
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Imperialism and the United States 1850 – 1933 The Spanish-American War
The Philippines When Commodore Dewey heard that the US was at war with Spain, he raced his warships out of Hong Kong and headed straight to the Philippine capital, Manila. Dewey’s warships completely destroyed the Spanish fleet at anchor in Manila. With this victory, and the help of the Philippine people, the US quickly seized all of the Philippines.
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Meanwhile back in Cuba …
Imperialism and the United States The Spanish-American War Meanwhile back in Cuba … While Dewey was destroying the Spanish fleet and taking control in the Philippines, Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt gathered volunteers for an invasion of Cuba. Roosevelt organized his volunteers, called the Rough Riders, for combat in Cuba. Through a series of daring maneuvers, US troops and the Rough Riders liberated Cuba from Spanish control. December 10, 1898 At the signing of the peace treaty, a defeated Spain … Relinquished (handed over) control of Cuba Forced to sell the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the United States United States became a world power.
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American empire After the war… Treaty of Paris (Dec. 10, 1898)-
agreement between Spain and US Cuba obtained its freedom The US annexed Guam and Puerto Rico The US kept the Philippines for military reasons Emilio Aguinaldo- did not like Americans in Philippines and attacked US troops there, but was defeated (Philippines gained independence in 1946)
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Latin Control To decrease conflict…
Philippines: US built railroads, telegraph lines, public schools, created new health care policies, and helped eliminate certain diseases Puerto Rico: made citizens of the US in 1917, allowed to elect their own governor in 1947 Cuba: most Americans did not support giving Cuba its own government, president McKinley allowed Cuba’s new government with conditions
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Platt amendment Platt Amendment:
no treaties with other countries that weakened its independence, no foreign powers could occupy Cuba, US Naval stations were built in Cuba, keep debt low, US could intervene to protect Cuban Independence Cubans opposed Platt and became a protectorate of the US
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Theodore Roosevelt’s rise to power:
McKinley won the election of 1900 easily with Roosevelt as his vice-president McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz, an anarchist who opposed government Roosevelt (age 42) became the young president in US history Roosevelt was born in NY to a wealthy family and was often sick growing up He was an energetic president He was a marksman, rode horses, boxed, and wrestled
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LIST 4 Ways Roosevelt helped create a world power:
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Chapter 10 Notes (Part 1) Imperialism
4 Reason why countries imperialized: European expansion—REASONS??? Theodore Roosevelt (5 facts) Rough Riders (5 facts) Spanish-American War Roosevelt’s Corollary – “The Big Stick Policy” Monroe Doctrine Social Darwinism Anglo-Saxonism 1852-President Franklin Pierce Commodore Matthew C. Perry William Seward Pearl Harbor Hawaii & “BIG sugar” 1891-Queen Liliuokalani Open Door Policy yellow journalism (popular newspapers) Alfred T. Mahan Henry Cabot Lodge
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Chapter 10 Notes, P.2 Emiliano Zapata
List 4 ways Roosevelt helped to make the U.S. a world power. President McKinley William Jennings Bryan Panama Canal Theodore Roosevelt Leon Czolgosz What event made Roosevelt president? Boxer Rebellion China vs. Japan (1894) U.S.S. Maine Jose Marti William Randolph Hearst Valeriano Weyler Joseph Pulitzer Yellow journalism December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris Emilio Aguinaldo Foraker Act
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UNIT 2 NOTES TRIVIA REVIEW GAME ANSWER BANK:
Imperialism Teddy Roosevelt Rough Riders Cuba Puerto Rica Spain Philippines Roosevelt Corollary Alfred T. Mahan Anglo-Saxonism Social-Darwinism Treaty of Paris U.S.S. Maine Yellow journalism Japan China Hawaii Matthew C. Perry Queen Liliuokalani Sugar Wealthy planters Open Door Policy Pan-Americanism Commodore Dewey Platt Amendment Jose Marti William Randolph Hearst Joseph Pulitzer Dollar Diplomacy Presdient McKinley William Jennings Bryan Theodore Roosevelt Leon Czolgosz Great White Fleet Dollar diplomacy John Hay Enrique Dupuy de Lome Josiah Strong Boxer Rebellion Henry Cabot Lodge William Seward Valeriano Weyler Emiliano Zapata
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Chapter 10 Quiz…terms to know… (study guide)
Imperialism 4 Reason why countries imperialized: European expansion—REASONS??? Theodore Roosevelt (5 facts) Rough Riders (5 facts) Spanish-American War Roosevelt’s Corollary – “The Big Stick Policy” Monroe Doctrine Social Darwinism Anglo-Saxonism 1852-President Franklin Pierce Commodore Matthew C. Perry William Seward Pearl Harbor Hawaii & “BIG sugar” 1891-Queen Liliuokalani Open Door Policy yellow journalism (popular newspapers) Alfred T. Mahan Henry Cabot Lodge U.S.S. Maine Jose Marti William Randolph Hearst Valeriano Weyler Joseph Pulitzer Yellow journalism December 10, 1898 Treaty of Paris Emilio Aguinaldo Foraker Act Emiliano Zapata List 4 ways Roosevelt helped to make the U.S. a world power. President McKinley William Jennings Bryan Panama Canal Theodore Roosevelt Leon Czolgosz What event made Roosevelt president? Boxer Rebellion China vs. Japan (1894)
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Unit 4 Notes, Quiz #4 (Write the correct letter!)
1. The _______ called for the moderation or elimination of alcohol 2. Governor of Wisconsin; opposed political conventions & pushed for direct primaries in each state 3. Right to vote 4. New idea, a _________ or city mgr. system of government, where people with background would hire qualified people to run the city dept 5. Journalists who expressed Progressive ideas 6. A reform that allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval 7. American history from about ; it’s a collection of views about how to fix the nation’s problems 8. He exposed the poverty & disease in NYC 9. Government owns and operates industry for the community as a whole 10. (1848)—location of first women’s rights convention Progressive Era Suffrage Socialism referendum Reform plan commission plan Robert La Follette Seneca Falls Brooklyn Temperance movement Muckrackers Jacob Riis
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Unit 4 Notes, Quiz #4 (Write the correct letter!)
1. The _______ called for the moderation or elimination of alcohol 2. Governor of Wisconsin; opposed political conventions & pushed for direct primaries in each state 3. Right to vote 4. New idea, a _________ or city mgr. system of government, where people with background would hire qualified people to run the city dept 5. Journalists who expressed Progressive ideas 6. A reform that allowed proposed legislation to be submitted to the voters for approval 7. American history from about ; it’s a collection of views about how to fix the nation’s problems 8. He exposed the poverty & disease in NYC 9. Government owns and operates industry for the community as a whole 10. (1848)—location of first women’s rights convention Progressive Era Suffrage Socialism referendum Reform plan commission plan Robert La Follette Seneca Falls Brooklyn Temperance movement Muckrackers Jacob Riis
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UNIT 2 NOTES: IMPORTANT TERMS
Progressivism Muckrackers Jacob Riis Commission plan Robert La Follette Direct primary Initiative Referendum Recall Suffrage Alice Paul Temperance Prohibition Socialism NAWSA Seneca Falls 14th Amendment 19th Amendment Federal Farm Loan Act Square Deal Large corporations “Trustbuster” United Mine Workers Arbitration Theodore Roosevelt Department of Commerce Bureau of Corporations Hepburn Act Interstate Commerce Commission Upton Sinclair Meat Inspection Act Pure Food & Drug Act The Jungle Newlands Reclamation Act Gifford Pinchot William H. Taft Joseph G. Cannon W.E.B. Debois Payne-Aldrich Tariff Richard A. Ballinger Syndicate Insubordination Children’s Bureau Bureau of Mines Progressive Party New Nationalism New Freedom Keating-Owen Child Labor Act Underwood Tariff Income tax Federal Reserve Act Federal Trade Commission Unfair trade practices NAACP Adamson Act
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Unit 2 Vocabulary Terms Imperialism Protectorate Yellow journalism
Jingoism Sphere of influence Open door policy Dollar diplomacy Progressivism Muckracker Commision plan Direct primary Initiative Referendum Recall Suffrage Temperance Prohibition Socialism Square Deal arbitration Syndicate Insubordination Income tax Unfair trade practices Guerrilla Nationalism Self-determination Propoganda Contraband U-boat Conscription Victory garden Espionage Convoy Armistice Reperations Cost of living General strike deport
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The US enters WWI (19-1) Today you will learn about American intervention in Mexico and the Caribbean, and what caused the USA to enter WWI.
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Why or why not? LIST 3 REASONS Start-up Question…
Answer the following question in your NOTES FOLDER: Do you think the US should ever become involved in conflicts between foreign nations? Why or why not? LIST 3 REASONS
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ChapteR 19 Notes (P.1) *PLEASE FIND YOUR EUROPE (1914) MAP FOR THIS CHAPTER What is WWI? What do nationalism & self- determination have to do with it? List the 5 Causes of WWI What type of warfare was used during WWI? What effect did Social Darwinism have on WWI? List 7 MAJOR EVENTS that led to WWI? How did Americans feel about the War? 4 events that caused the US to enter WWI:
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How WWI Started https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd2ch4XV84s
Watch the video Take notes (at least 10) Share Notes (at least 5) Answer the BIG QUESTION
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ANSWER QUESTION IN NOTES FOLDER!
BIG QUESTION: What were the causes of WWI? How did “The Great War Begin?” Do you think it could have been prevented? (Write in paragraph format)
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ChapteR 19 Notes (P.1) *PLEASE FIND YOUR EUROPE (1914) MAP FOR THIS CHAPTER What is WWI? What do nationalism & self- determination have to do with it? List the 5 Causes of WWI What effect did Social Darwinism have on WWI? What kind of president was Woodrow Wilson (4 characteristics)? What kinds of problems did he face with Mexico (Latin America)? List 7 MAJOR EVENTS that led to WWI? How did Americans feel about the Great War?
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207a-f. What were some causes of World War I
207a-f. What were some causes of World War I? What were some causes for US entering into the war? World War I, also known as the First World War, and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, and the War to End All Wars, was a world conflict lasting from August 1914 to the final Armistice (cessation of hostilities) on November 11, 1918. Nationalism Imperialism Military Expansion Alliances Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
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207b. Long-Term Causes of World War I (1914 – 1918)
1. NATIONALISM – belief in national unity and racial supremacy France 1800s – Napoleon conquered much of Europe Germany (1861) Small city-states of central Europe became the nation of Germany - believed it had the right to establish an empire Italian government believed in improving the economy through conquest Netherlands formed its own nation called Belgium In time, each nation believed its culture was superior and so deserved the right to conquer other peoples. Which led to …. Social Darwinism Darwin’s idea of “survival of the fittest” in the animal kingdom led many to believe the same held true for humans. The idea that only the strongest people are meant to rule.
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Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy
Wilson: opposed imperialism & promoted democracy. He made many diplomatic mistakes with Latin neighbors Problems in Mexico: Wilson wanted dictator Porfirio Diaz gone because he was corrupt and ran an oligarchy (power in the hands of a few)-people revolted and Diaz fled Francisco Maderno who replaced Diaz was assassinated by his general Wilson General Huerta gone because of he believed he was corrupt, also. Wilson armed Mexicans hoping they would overthrow the Huerta’s government Many Mexicans hated US actions and began to riot on US cities Pancho Villa led a group of guerillas (armed soldiers who fight with surprise attacks) into Columbus, NM and killed many American citizens. He was never found.
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My country is better than yours...
Nationalism-an intense pride in one's homeland (dominated Europe at this time) Each nation viewed every other nation as competition and a threat Many people were ready to go to war Self-determination-idea that people who belong to a nation should have their own country and government
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How did WWI begin? The German province of Prussia picks a fight with France and takes part of their territory along the German border Germany fears payback by France and signs an alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy- A.K.A. THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE Russians (enemy of Germans and Hungarians) signs alliance with France Germany and Great Britain begin to compete and build their navies (1898) Great Britain joins France and Russia creating the TRIPLE ENTENTE Various ethnic groups (Serbians, Bosnians, Croats, and Slovenes) in and around Russia begin fighting amongst one another (nationalism and self-determination)
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How did WWI begin? Serbians in Austria-Hungary were angry because they believed their independence and self-determination in A-H was being fought So when the Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the throne of A-H) visited one of these hostile areas, he and his wife were assassinated Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia and wanted to attach them, but did not because of it's alliance with Russia The Austrians asked the Germans for help, and the Serbians asked the Russians (who counted on the French to fight with them) On July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia A few days later Germany declared war on Russia and then on France World War I had begun (Whew...that was allot)
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Ch 11 Notes (P.2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wyg8CgKo7Do
Triple Alliance Triple Entente neutral countries Who was Archduke Ferdinand and what was Serbia’s role in starting WWI? Do you think WWI could have been avoided? How? What was Germany’s role at the beginning of WWI (4-5 sentences)? Woodrow Wilson and American neutrality? Why did the US join the war?
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207e. Long-Term Causes of World War I (1914 – 1918)
ALLIANCES – In 1882, the European powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy formed an agreement of mutual protection called the Triple Alliance. If one country was attacked, all three countries would fight.
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207f. Long-Term Causes of World War I (1914 – 1918)
ALLIANCES – The Triple Alliance threatened all other powerful nations of Europe, so the countries of Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple Entente These competing alliances in Europe set the stage for conflict.
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207g. Long-Term Causes of World War I (1914 – 1918)
5. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Ferdinand (heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary) was visiting one of his provinces, Bosnia. Serbian nationalist who wanted Bosnia to be part of Serbia Shot the Archduke and his wife while they were riding in a car. Austria-Hungary accused Serbia of plotting to kill the Archduke and threatened war. Russia, which was allied with Serbia, threatened war with Austria-Hungary.
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Start of World War I Review – Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Review – Triple Entente – Great Britain, France, and Russia Germany supported Austria-Hungary, and France mobilized its forces to help Russian. By Aug. 3, Germany and Austria-Hungary were at war with France and Russia.
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Pick a Side Allies: France, Russia, Great Britain, and Italy (triple entente) Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria (Central Powers) Neutral Players: Belgium
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The fighting begins... German troops advanced to France
Russian invaded Germany on it's back side Germany had to pull back from France to stop the Russians Battle of the Marne-Allies take advantage of the attack on both sides and advance against Germany- both side became locked in a stalemate (stuck, a stand-off, no movement) Germans and Austrians swept across hundreds of miles of Russian territory and took hundreds of thousands of prisoners
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American Neutrality President Wilson declared America neutral at the beginning of the war Most Americans and big businesses favored the Allies, and so did most of Wilson's cabinet (mostly for financial and power reasons) What do you think Teddy would have done? An allied victory was necessary to keep the balance of power Propaganda-information designed to influence opinion (this is how Britain won American support) American banks began to loan money to he Allies-if they won the money would be repaid, if they lost, the money would be lost
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Chapter 11 Notes (P.3) List 5 events that led to the US getting involved in WWI even though they wanted to stay neutral… What major event was used by yellow journalist to anger the American people? Describe the event… What was the Zimmerman telegram? List 4 Events that Caused the US to enter World War I How did the US build a strong military in WWI? Selective Services African-Americans The Women of WWI Organizing Industry Food Administration Fuel Administration NWLB Liberty & Victory Bonds CPI Espionage Great Migration Schenck v. United States
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208a. Who did United States fight in World War I?
To protect US commercial investments overseas, President Wilson on August 4, 1914, officially proclaimed the US a neutral country. The American government protested the actions of both sides and tried to act as peacemaker. But that changed when American interests were threatened.
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How did America get involved in WWI?
British navy created a blockade on Germany contraband (prohibited material) Germany used U-boats (submarines) get around the blockades February 1915-Germany says it will sink ANY ship without warning found around Britain-Americans grew angry Germans believe the civilian boats were war ships in disguise May 1915-German U-boats sink the Lusitania killing nearly people (128 Americans) Sussex Pledge-Germans promised not to sink any more ships without warning (they wanted to keep the US out of the war) Zimmerman telegram-Germans promised to give Mexico back territory it lost to the US in return for it's alliance with the German and the Central Powers This note was intercepted by the British and leaked to US newspapers Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany on April 6, The US was now in WWI
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The sinking of the Lusitania
The US sold military goods to the Triple Entente, especially Britain. The Germans warned all nations that they would attack any ships entering or leaving British ports. President Wilson ignored the warning and continued commercial and military trade with Great Britain. Without the knowledge of passengers, the United States had been secretly shipping military supplies to Great Britain on cruise liners. On May 7, 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland.
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(2) Zimmerman Telegram US intercepted a secret telegram between the German foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman , and his official in Mexico. Germany wanted to pursue Mexico to attack US if US declared war on Germany. Germany promised land taken in the Mexican-American War would be returned to Mexico.
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List 4 Events that Caused the US to enter World War I
From the beginning, the US did not want to go to war in Europe. Officially, the US was neutral. Four events caused the US to enter: The sinking of the Lusitania The Zimmerman Telegram German Aggression at Sea The Russian Revolution
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Moving toward war & Propaganda
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Make your own wwi propaganda poster!
Pick one emotion to stir up Provide a message Provide an illustration
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Life on the ‘Home Front’ & Trench warfare
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Food for thought… What does freedom of speech mean to YOU
Food for thought… What does freedom of speech mean to YOU? Do you think people should be allowed to say whatever they want whenever they want to? Explain your opinion. Write the answer in your notes folder… Espionage and Sedition Acts dex=2&list=PLOCAqM7S9ej2f5fGo7M46VisYSQORqf1 2
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Who are the spies? First and last name
Investigation in the city on Enterprise, October Three evil spies have infiltrated this quiet town of Enterprise? Will we find them? 3 spies in the room Cards have info leading to their capture. 2 investigators 1 newspaper reporter Our investigators from the Espionage Agency have 10 minutes to find our spies...can they do it? CITIZEN INTERVIEW QUESTIONS Each person has to come up with: First and last name A nationality (country you are originally from, not the USA) A job Form of government you agree with: democracy, communism, socialism A public clubs/hobbies or organization specific social/political activities you belong to (If you are the spy, give subtle clues in your interview answers that it's you without giving it all away, OR YOU CAN KEEP US GUESSING:)
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Building up the military
When the US entered the war, it did not have enough soldiers even though they have many volunteer Conscription-forced military service...progressives disagreed with it, law- makers thought it was necessary A Selective Service lottery was used 2.8 million men were drafted
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211. What was the purpose of the Selective Service Act?
When the United States entered WWI, the forces had only 120,000 enlisted men and 80,000 National Guardsmen. In May 1917 Congress passed a Selective Service Act, authorizing a draft of young men for military service. By November 1918 more than 24 million men had registered for the draft. From those, a lottery picked 3 million draftees to serve in the war. Volunteers and National Guardsmen made up the remainder of what was called the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
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African-Americans 42000 of the African-Americans drafted served in the war overseas They faced discrimination and prejudice in the army They served in racially segregated units led by white officer Despite this, many black soldiers fought with distinction in the war
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Women of WWI Served in the armed forces for first time in WWI (non-combat positions) Jobs: Nurses in the army and navy Clerical workers, radio operators, electricians, torpedo assemblers, and other occupations Army- refused to enlist women (only nurses served in the army) Key figure-"Rosie the Riveter"
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Organizing industry War Industries Board (WIB): Led by Bernard Baruch coordinate the production of war materials Worked with business leaders Told industries what they could and could not make
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Food Administration: Responsible for increasing the amount of food for the armed forces, while decreasing amt of food available to civilians "Wheat less Mondays" or "Meatless Tuesdays" Victory gardens
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Fuel Administration: Managed use of coal and oil Daylight savings time introduced for first time (saved energy) Shortened work weeks for factories not making war materials
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212. What were Liberty Bonds?
During WWI, the government launched a vigorous campaign to raise money from the American people. It started offering Liberty Bonds, special war bonds sold to support the Allied cause. Like all bonds, they could later be redeemed for the original value of the bonds plus interest. By selling war bonds, the government raised more than $20 billion. Responding to the slogan “Every Scout to Save a Soldier”, Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts set booths on street corners and sold bonds.
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Raising money: Congress raised income tax rates Liberty Bonds & Victory Bonds-government borrowed money from American people...in return they would pay money back in a number of years
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Mobilizing the workforce
National War Labor Board (NWLB): Formed to prevent workers from striking Mediated labor disputes (avoided strikes) Gave 8-hr work day, increased wages, & organized unions Labor leaders agreed not to disrupt production in return Women took jobs worked by male, but were told to give them up and go back into the home after the war
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Ensuring public support
Controlling the media Committee on Public Information (CPI): government wanted to make sure the public supported the war George Creel-head of the agency Hired advertisers, entertainers, songwriters, singers, and other to sway public opinion in favor of the war CPI Arranged for public talks at theaters and public gatherings "Four Minute Men"-speakers who encouraged support for the war
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Great Migration: the growth of industry in the north led to increased opportunities for black who moved to big cities for new opportunity The GM changed the racial make-up of Chicago, NY, Cleveland, and Detroit Many Mexican also migrated to many of these cities but faced discrimination. They often formed their own communities to support each other
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Espionage The Espionage Act of 1917: (The end of free speech) Created to fight against anti-war activities Spied and acquired secret government information The Sedition Act of made illegal any public expression of opposition to the war Racial Profiling-German-Americans No German in schools, no German music in bands and orchestras Newspapers urged people to report suspicious behavior and people thought to be spies Schenck v. the United States-the Supreme Court ruled that a person's freedom of speech could be curbed if the speech presented a danger Result: many things that could be said in peace time could be considered dangerous during war Are the freedoms we brag about and have so much pride in all a lie? What do you think?
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WWI: A Bloody Conflict
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“WAR HORSE MOVIE Question…”
What were the war tactics of WWI? What would you do in the situation you witnessed on the movie? WATCH THE SCENE…WRITE A REFLECTION…
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Chapter 11 Notes (P.3) List 5 events that led to the US getting involved in WWI even though they wanted to stay neutral… What major event was used by yellow journalist to anger the American people? Describe the event… What was the Zimmerman telegram? List 4 Events that Caused the US to enter World War I How did the US build a strong military in WWI? Selective Services African-Americans The Women of WWI Organizing Industry Food Administration Fuel Administration NWLB Liberty & Victory Bonds CPI Espionage Great Migration Schenck v. United States
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Ch 11 Notes, Part 4 What were some of the battle tactics and new weapons during World War I (list 6 examples and describe)? What was the treaty that ended World War I called? What were some results of World War I? List 4 Results and explain them. TRENCH WARFARE:
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What were some of the battle tactics and new weapons during World War I?
Airplane – Used primarily for scouting and reconnaissance. By the end of the war, countries equipped planes with machine guns. Submarines – called U-boats used by Germans. Tanks – introduced in WWI. It was designed to cross rough terrain and trenches while remaining impenetrable to enemy fire.
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Soldiers - victims of a poison gas attack
What were some of the battle tactics and new weapons during World War I? (6 examples) Soldiers - victims of a poison gas attack Trench Warfare – Each side’s army lived in the trenches, which were usually infested with rats. Machine Guns – Were used to shoot massive amounts of ammunition at he enemy in a short amount of time, increasing the chance of hitting the enemy. Poison Gas – First used by Germans, poison mustard gas killed or wounded soldiers immediately. The gas would instantly engulf soldiers and break down the internal organs when they inhaled the fumes. Often, the gas destroyed the soldiers’ lungs, causing them to fill with fluid. Effects include: blistering skin, vomiting, sore eyes, internal and external bleeding. Death can take up to 5 weeks.
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Trench Warfare And Mustard Gas
Great care had to be exercised in shaving. Because of the germ infested ground, the slightest cut usually resulted in serious infection. SHAVE, WASH, AND GET THE MUSTARD GAS OFF This gas was difficult to detect because it was practically odorless and invisible, and the concentration of only 1 to 100,000 was sufficient to put a man out of commission. Its effect was cumulative, lasting over a long period. Horses, as well as men, had to be washed whenever water and time were both available. MUSTARD GAS SEEMED TO BE EVERYWHERE
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Trench warfare paper war!!!
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What do you think of when you hear the word ‘Communist
What do you think of when you hear the word ‘Communist?’ what countries today have a communist government? How do Americans today feel about Communism?
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What was the treaty that ended World War I called?
Treaty of Versailles Germany signed an unconditional armistice (truce) on November 11, 1918. Treaty of Versailles (1919) – Germans reluctantly agreed that the war was entirely their fault. Treaty called for Germany to pay war reparations or costs to the victorious nations for its part in starting the war. Germany repaid debt in yearly installments Germany lost all of its overseas colonies and part of its land in Europe.
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What were some results of World War I?
Map of Europe is redrawn League of Nations is formed United States economy is boosted United States suffered post-war disillusionment 10&SearchText=red+scare&lid=
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214b. What were some results of World War I?
Map of Europe is redrawn European nations created by WWI: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary.
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What were some results of World War I?
2. League of Nations is formed To ensure that there would never be another world war, President Woodrow Wilson promoted the League of Nations. A world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. The people of the US and Congress believed strongly in a policy of isolationism – meaning that the people felt it best to stay out of international conflicts and events. Without the power of the United States the League was powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.
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What were some results of World War I?
3. United States economy is boosted The US was now the world’s largest creditor nation. In 1922 a Senate debt commission calculated that European countries owed the US $11.5 billion. 4. United States suffered post-war disillusionment The realities of trench warfare, death, and destruction hit many people very hard. Soldiers returned home to a hero’s welcome. When they went to find jobs, however, the reception was different.
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What were some results of World War I?
European nations looked forward to the future and did not want to remember the war. War reparations were considered a humiliation to the German people. Adolf Hitler, German dictator, rose to power and used this bitterness to reclaim the achievements of Germany’s past.
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