1. Chapter 2 & 3 TEST Review

2. 1. shortest day of the year occur in the Northern Hemisphere

3. 1. winter solstice

4. 2. the crust, continents and uppermost part of the mantle

5. 2. lithosphere

6. 3. pattern of weather in an area over a long period of time

7. 3. climate

8. 4. terrestrial planets have

9. 4. a solid rocky crust

10. 5. sun is directly over the equator on this day

11. 5. equinox

12. 6. leeward side of mountain ranges

13. 6. rain shadow

14. 7. the part of the earth where life exists

15. 7. biosphere

16. 8. part of a continent that extends out underneath the ocean

17. 8. continental shelf

18. 9. precipitation found in mountainous areas

19. 9. orographic

20. 10. Name the four major biomes on Earth:

21. 10. desert, grassland, forest, tundra

22. 11. thick middle layer of the earth's interior structure consisting of hot rock that is dense but flexible

23. 11. mantle

24. 12. weather in an area over a long period of time

25. 12. climate

26. 13. the theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart

27. 13. continental drift

28. 14. removing salt from ocean or seawater

29. 14. desalinization

30. 15. process by which oceanic plates dive beneath continental plates, often causing mountains to form on land

31. 15. subduction

32. 16. all of Earth’s water elements

33. 16. hydrosphere

34. 17. Type of precipitation found in rain forest areas

35. 17. convectional

36. 18. process by which magma wells up between oceanic plates and pushes the plates apart

37. 18. spreading

38. 19. evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

39. 19. water cycle

40. 20. chemical or physical processes that break down rocks into smaller pieces

41. 20. weathering

42. 21. a large body of ice that moves across the surface of the earth

43. 21. glacier

44. 22. LACEMOPS

45. 22. acronym for factors that influence climate

46. 23. piles of rocky debris left by melting glaciers

47. 23. moraines

48. 24. water located underground within the earth that supplies wells and springs

49. 24. groundwater

50. 25. warming of the earth that occurs when the sun’s radiation passes through the atmosphere

51. 25. greenhouse effect

52. 26. wind in a region that blows in a fairly constant directional pattern

53. 26. prevailing wind

54. °N & 23.5°S

55. 27. Tropic of Cancer & Tropic of Capricorn

56. 28. the resulting diagonal movement, either north or south, of prevailing winds caused by the earth’s rotation

57. 28. Coriolis effect

58. 29. a frequently windless area near the equator

59. 29. doldrums

60. 30. underground layer of rock often saturated with freshwater

61. 30. aquifer

62. 31. a periodic change in the pattern of ocean currents, water temperatures, and weather in the mid-pacific region

63. 31. El Niño

64. 32. being in or facing opposite the direction toward which the wind is blowing towards a mountain

65. 32. leeward

66. 33. shortest day of the year occur in the Northern Hemisphere

67. 33. Winter Solstice

68. 33. the physical characteristics of the surface of the land

69. 33. terrain

70. 34. plant life that grows in a certain area if people have not changed the natural environment

71. 34. natural vegetation

72. 35. trees such as oak and maple, which lose their leaves in autumn

73. 35. deciduous

74. 36. a permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground

75. 36. permafrost

76. 36. permafrost

77. 37. the term scientists use to describe the activities of continental drift and magma flow, which create many of earth's physical features

78. 37. plate tectonics