1. Unit D – Living Systems Chapter 1 The biosphere of Life
Section 1.1
Water: an essential abiotic factor

2. Ecosystems an ecosystem is an area of land or water that includes
all the organisms living in the area
all the non-living factors affecting those organisms (e.g. water supply
the word “eco” refers to the environment
the word “system” describes a situation where there is an exchange of energy and/or matter with the surroundings

3. Ecosystems
an open system is one where there is both an exchange of energy and of matter with the surroundings
e.g. your body
a closed system is one where energy is exchanged, but not matter
e.g. a sealed plastic container
most ecosystems are considered to be open systems

4. Ecosystems
Question:
identify 3 types of matter that are exchanged with the surroundings
identify 3 types of energy that are exchanged

5. Biotic and abiotic factors
What organisms grow and live in which ecosystems depends on two types of factors
abiotic factors
physical, non-living parts of the environment
examples:
water supply
light
soil quality
climate / temperature
Soil ph

7. Biotic and abiotic factors
living organisms in the environment
examples:
food supply
population density
predator-prey relationships
Mind Monkey

8. Biotic and abiotic factors
Question:
For each of the factors below, classify it as biotic or abiotic
competition between members of the same population
a bacteria that spreads through a population
a drought
trees that shade the grass growing underneath it

9. Habitat
the particular area where an organism grows and thrives is referred to as its habitat
an organism’s ideal habitat
one with the combination of biotic and abiotic factors that best meets its needs
the better an organism’s chance of survival and/or reproduction, the more suited it is to its habitat
each organism has its own particular habitat
its own personal needs
the needs of the species

10. Abiotic Factors
Temperature:
Polar Bear
Gila monster

11. Habitat
Habitat
Describe the habitat
Habitat

12. Habitat
Describe the habitat
Poison Dart Frog
Habitat

13. Habitat
Habitat
Describe the habitat

14. Habitat
Describe the habitat

15. Human activity
humans have the ability to affect an organism’s habitat by interfering with the biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem
examples of human effect on biotic factors
hunting
use of insecticides & herbicides
deforestation
displacement and domestication of animals

16. Human activity examples of human effect on abiotic factors
use of fertilizers to improve soil nutrients
nutrients are non-living compounds needed for growth & metabolism
pollution of water supply
in some cases, this makes the water less suited for aquatic life

17. Nutrients Harmful Algal Bloom
Harmful Algal Bloom

18. Human activity reduction of water supply
in other cases, this makes the water too suited for aquatic life
fertilizers in the water can stimulate the growth of algae
rapid growth of algae is refered to as a harmful algal bloom
the thriving algae population can deplete the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the water for other organisms
reduction of water supply
water is considered to be a renewable resource
however, some local water supplies are being used up by industry faster than it is naturally replenished

19. Water: prevalence most common compound on Earth
liquid water makes up about 75% of the Earth
makes up 70-95% of living cells

20. Water: uses internal transport solvent photosynthesis nutrient
makes up most of our blood
main ingredient in tree sap (phloem)
solvent
dissolves all ionic compounds and some molecular compounds
photosynthesis
required for a plant to convert sun energy into chemical energy
nutrient
needed by our bodies and other living organisms to stay hydrated

21. Water: uses habitat shelter weather climate
provides a habitat for aquatic animals
shelter
some animals live use snow and ice for shelter
weather
results in clouds, rain, snow, fog
climate
determines if an area will have temperate climate or more variation

22. Water
Water Scarcity
Water Uses
The Ocean

23. Assignment
C&R pg 412 #1,2,4,5
Work on your project.