1. Cities & Urban Land
Settlement: permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, & obtain services
Modern cities developed during the industrial evolution. Slightly more than half world’s population reside in urban land.
CBD: center piece of urban development. Less than 1% of land/ contains large % of Population
Historically & present: the central market place ( trade center)Hinterland
Provides services

2. Differences between urban and rural settlements
Cities & Urban Land
Differences between urban and rural settlements
Large size
High density
Social Heterogeneity: large variety of people
In USA most minorities are in urban areas

3. Service = any activity that fulfills a human want or need
Cities & Urban Land
Service = any activity that fulfills a human want or need
3 types of services
Consumer services (retailers, education, hospitality)
Business services (financial, professional, transportation)
Public services (government, FBI, cops)

4. Cities & Urban Land Early consumer services met societal needs
Examples = burial of the dead, religious centers, manufacturing centers
Early public services probably followed religious activities (churches, defense)
Early business services to distribute and store food

5. Basic Industries: the “industries” that are the main source of employment in the community. Selling to outside the community.
Non-Basic Industries: “industries” that are built because of Basic. Selling to community. Multiplier Effect

6. Cities & Urban Land Rank-size distribution of settlements
World Cities: most integrated in the world economy, power centers of politics, finance, etc
Dominant: New York, London, Tokyo
Major: Washington, LA, Paris, Brussels, etc. Only 2 in LDCs Singapore, Sao Paulo,
Secondary: Miami, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Caracas, Sydney
LDCs serve as off shore financial institutions & Back Office aka out source
Rank-size distribution of settlements
Rank-Size Rule: the largest city is 1/n the size of the next largest city
Primate city rule: largest cities is double the size of the 2nd largest
Primate cities :country’s largest city

7. Cities & Urban Land Patterns of Cities Market-area analysis
Central Place Theory- “downtown”
Size of a market area
Range
Threshold
Market-area analysis
Profitability of a location
Compute the range
Compute the threshold
Draw the market area
Optimal location within a market

9. Cities & Urban Land
CBD: started with both manufacturing & service sectors of the economy. Now Manufacturing has moved out of the CBD to rural land. Services remain. ( reminder this is in MDCs)
Models of urban structure: used to where different people live
Concentric zone model: a city grows outward from a central area
Sector model: a city grows in sectors
Multiple nuclei model: a city is complex with multiple centers

10. Cities & Urban Land Inner-city physical issues in USA
Most significant = deteriorating housing
Filtering: dividing houses to separate dwellings
Redlining: drawing lines that banks draw not to lend money
Urban renewal/ Public housing
Renovated housing:
Gentrification
Social Issues:
poverty, no social movement, drugs, etc
European & LDCs demographics in CBDs differ from North America.
Rich in the CBDs and poor outside of CBDs

11. Urban expansion Cities & Urban Land Annexation: legally adding land
Defining urban settlements
The city
A legal entity. Central city: city surrounded by suburbs
Urbanized areas: A continuously built-up area
Metropolitan Area: a functional area/ over 50K people, large % work in CBD
Micropolitan: population less than 50K

12. Cities & Urban Land
Peripheral model: major city surrounded by suburbs & business tied by beltway
Edge cities
Density gradient: the further away from city the less dense the population (time differs as well)
Cost of suburban sprawl
Greenbelt: open spaces of land
Smart Growth: designating land for preservation also conservation aka sustainable development ( balance of growth & resources)

13. The multiple nuclei model is often used to describe the spatial form of which of the following American city?
New York
Chicago
St. Louis
Los Angeles
Washington, D.C.

14. The multiple nuclei model is often used to describe the spatial form of which of the following American city?
New York
Chicago
St. Louis
Los Angeles
Washington, D.C.
Answer: D
Los Angeles has relatively small downtown business district but contains many independent nodes
Of high land value and vigorous business activity, such as Santa Monica, Hollywood, Westwood, and Pasadena.

15. A country whose third largest city has a population that is approximately one-third of the population of the country’s largest conforms to which rule?
Sector model rule
Central place theory
Rank-size rule
Urban primacy
Concentric zone model

16. A country whose third largest city has a population that is approximately one-third of the population of the country’s largest conforms to which rule?
Sector model rule
Central place theory
Rank-size rule
Urban primacy
Concentric zone model
Answer: C
According to the rank-size rule, urban areas within a country (that conforms to the rule) follow a predictable and hierarchical pattern in terms of population, such that the second largest city is half the size (in population) of the largest city, the third largest city is one-third the population of the largest, the fourth, one- quarter, and so on.