1. The Puritans “Purification” of the Protestant Church
Only visible saints should be in the church.
Not the norm in England in the early 1600s.
Fled the persecution of King James I for Holland in 1608.
Get permission to settle in Virginia and miss their target, landing in Massachusetts in 1620 on the Mayflower.

2. Importance of the Mayflower Compact
Signed by 41 males.
Formed a “government” and agreed that the settlers would submit to the will of the majority.
Sets the precedent for future documents governing colonies and later states.
Town meetings

3. Plymouth Plantation
Carefully restored, the modest
village at Plymouth looks today
much as it did nearly four
hundred years ago.
p43

4. Plymouth First winter goes very badly. Only 44 out of 102 survive.
Fall First Thanksgiving
William Bradford- Elected governor 30 times.
As iconic as the “Pilgrims” and “Plymouth Rock” are in American tradition, the colony is never very large or important economically. Merges with Massachusetts Bay in 1691.

5. Map 3.1: The Great English Migrations, c. 1630–1642
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

6. Massachusetts Bay Colony
Group of Puritans given a charter in 1629.
11,000 reach Massachusetts in 1630, part of the “Great Migration” from England during the 1630s.
Leadership of John Winthrop
First governor
His leadership, along with others, led the colony to be the most influential outpost in New England
“We shall be as a city upon a hill”

7. Life in Massachusetts Bay
Freemen get to vote…really?
Adult males belong to Puritan churches
Purpose of government was to enforce God’s laws
Nonbelievers and believers paid taxes for the government-supported church
Clergymen could not hold public office
“Protestant ethic”- serious commitment to work

8. Anne Hutchinson, Dissenter Mistress
Hutchinson (1591–1643) held unorthodox
views that challenged the authority of the
clergy and the very integrity of the Puritan
experiment in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
An outcast in her day, she has been
judged a heroine in the eye of history. This
statue in her honor, erected in the nineteenth
century, now graces the front of the
Boston, Massachusetts, Statehouse.
p46

9. Dissension in Massachusetts Bay
Anne Hutchinson
View on predestination
Banished from the colony for heresy
Roger Williams
Wanted to break from the Church of England completely
Condemned the charter for taking land from Indians without fair compensation
Civil government cannot regulate religious behavior
Banished from the colony

10. Map 3.3: Seventeenth-Century New England Settlements
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

11. Rhode Island
Williams flees Massachusetts to Rhode Island and sets up a Baptist church at Providence
COMPLETE freedom of religion
No oaths regarding religious beliefs
No compulsory worship attendance
No taxes to support a state church

12. Rhode Island Freedom of opportunity
Nicknamed “Rogue’s Island” because of the settlements of people who were either exiled or displeased with Massachusetts Bay
Receives a charter from Parliament in 1644.

13. Connecticut
Hartford settled by small numbers of Dutch and English as well as some Boston Puritans in Becomes the Connecticut River Colony
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)
Democratic regime controlled by the wealthy, landowning citizens.
New Haven, settled by Puritans, “merged” with other Connecticut settlements in 1662 charter

14. New England expansion
Massachusetts Bay purchases the area along the coast of Maine in 1677.
New Hampshire becomes a royal colony in 1679 after the king separated it from Massachusetts Bay

15. Attack on a Pequot Fort
During the Pequot War of
1637, engraving by J. W.
Barber, 1830 This was the
first war between natives and
Europeans in British North
America. It culminated in the
Puritan militia’s vicious burning
out and slaughtering of
nearly three hundred Pequot
men, women, and children.
The defeat of the Pequots
eliminated armed resistance
to the new settlements of
New Haven and Guildford. The
Connecticut Valley would not
see significant “Indian troubles”
again for forty years, when the
Indians of New England united
in their final stand against the
encroachments of English settlers,
King Philip’s War.
p49

16. Relations with Native Americans
Wampanoag chief Massasoit signs treaty with Plymouth First Thanksgiving
1637- Pequot War
Small effort to convert Indians to Christianity, but these were weak at best

17. New England Confederation
Defense against the Indians, French, and Dutch
Had jurisdiction over intercolonial problems
Two Massachusetts colonies and two Connecticut colonies
First small step toward colonial unity

18. England takes notice
Colonies have become nearly independent commonwealths by 1660
When Charles II comes to power, he punishes Massachusetts Bay for not following royal orders
1662- Connecticut gets charter
1663- Rhode Island gets charter
1684- Massachusetts Bay Colony has charter revoked

19. Dominion of New England
Imposed on the colonies by England in 1686
Bolster colonial defense
Designed to promote efficiency in English Navigation Laws
Meant to choke off American trade with countries besides England

20. Map 3.4: Sir Edmund Andros's Dominion of New England
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

21. The “First” American Revolution
Sir Edmund Andros heads the Dominion of New England
Restricts town meetings
Restricts freedom of the press
Levees taxes without consent of reps.
When the news of the Glorious Revolution in England reaches the colonies, they send Andros back to England

22. Effects of the Glorious Revolution
Massachusetts made a royal colony with a new charter, royal governor, and all male property holders given the right to vote
New monarchs relaxed the Navigation Laws, and the period of “salutary neglect” begins
More English officials in America
Led to contempt and resentment

23. Map 3.5: Early Settlements in the Middle Colonies, with Founding Dates
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

24. New Netherland
Dutch East India Company hires Henry Hudson. Explores up the Hudson River in 1609 and files a Dutch claim to the area.
New Netherland ( )
Most important thing was buying Manhattan Island from the Native Americans for pennies an acre.
New Amsterdam run by the Dutch East India Company

25. New Amsterdam Little religious toleration
Free speech and democratic practices are minimal.
Hudson River becomes the picture of affluence.
Patroonships- feudal estates that were given to wealthy settlers who agreed to have fifty people settle on them

26. Dutch tensions with neighbors
New England uneasy with the growth of New Netherland
Dutch invade New Sweden under Peter Stuyvesant and absorb the Swedish colonists living there.

27. English take over New York
English seize New Amsterdam without firing a shot. Renamed New York after the Duke of York, brother of Charles II
England gains an extremely important harbor in the middle colonies and control of the Hudson River
The aristocratic spirit that existed under the Dutch expands under the English influence of the corrupt governors

28. Pennsylvania Quakers “Quaked” when moved by their religious emotion
Refused to pay taxes to the Church of England
Refused to take oaths
Pacifists
Refused military service

29. Pennsylvania (1681) William Penn
Obtains a land grant from the king of England in the area of what is now Pennsylvania
Advertises in multiple languages for people to come to his colony.
Haven for the Quakers
Liberal land policy attracts immigrants. Encouraged laborers to own land, not just the wealthy.

30. Penn’s Influence Buys land from Chief Tammany.
Quakers had good relationship with Native Americans, later immigrants did not.
Government
Representative assembly elected by landowners
No tax-supported state church
Freedom of worship
Death penalty for treason and murder only
No provision for military defense
No restriction on immigration

31. Penn’s Melting Pot People from many ethnic groups come to Pennsylvania
By 1700, only Virginia and Massachusetts have more population and wealth
Penn created a land of opportunity, but dies with little appreciation for what he had done.

32. Common elements of the Middle Colonies
Fertile Soil
“Bread Colonies”
Rivers drew exploration inland from the coast
Lumbering and shipbuilding
Medium-sized farms
More ethnically mixed populations