1. Race and Ethnicity George Ritzer Presented by Rolande D. Dathis
Chapter 9
Race and Ethnicity George Ritzer Presented by Rolande D. Dathis

2. What is race?

3. Concept of Race and Ethnicity
Concepts of Race and Ethnicity
Race
Ethnicity
Ethnic Group
Historical Thinking
About Race
Racial and Ethnic Identities
Fluidity of racial Categories(Hypodescent Rule)
Scientific Explanation
Cultural Explanation

4. Race and Ethnicity
Race is biological concept uses to differentiate people based on skin color, hair texture, as well as a shared lineage .
Ethnicity is a state of belonging to and identifying with a given social group.
Ethnic Groups A group commonly defined on the basis of cultural traditions and characteristic like common language, religion, ancestral, and many more.

5. Historical thinking about race
The notion of race has taken multiple forms over the centuries.
Imperial invasions - whites imposed their will on other races with the economic and social exploitation objectives
Peak of the British Empire- British took control over India, the West Indies, and West Africa and all of those were dark-skinned populations.

6. Scientific explanations about race
Enlightenment philosophers believed in the harmony of human race and in addition they incorporated the ideas of categorizing groups of people from primeval to modern.
Social Darwinism and Herbert Spencer argued that the racial differences derived from the evolutionary differences between the races.
Gregor Mendel in his work on genetic and heredity argued that the races can be differentiated from one another on the basis of their genetic makeup (Ritzer 2015).

7. Scientific explanations about race
Professor Alan R. Templeton in the Department of Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis argued that races in biological sense does not stand because there are not adequate genetic diversity between groups of individuals to claim that there are sub-lineages (races) of humans. Further, only 6% of 35,000 human genes account for the color of an individual’s skin (Benokraitism 2012).

8. Cultural explanations about race
Cultural superiority and inferiority have been replaced by culture of poverty.
Culture of poverty is used to legitimate racial disparities in class position.

9. Fluidity of racial categories
Race is a fluid and dynamic social concept.
Hypodescent rule
Separate but equal( 1896 Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson)

10. Racial and ethnic identities

11. Racial and ethnic identities
Racial and ethnic identities give a sense of belonging to minorities even they have to adopt for most of the time some aspects of the cultural values and practices of the dominant culture.

12. Majority-Minority Relations
Minority-Minority
Population
Majority Group
Minority Group
Patterns of interaction
Intersectionality
Stereotypes, Prejudices and Discriminations
Social
Construction
Pluralism
Assimilation
Segregation
Genocide

13. Patricia Hill Collins (1948)

14. Intersectionality
“ The confluence , or intersection of various social statuses and the inequality and oppression associated with each in combination with others”( Ritzer 2015p301).

15. Majority-Minority Relations
Race, Ethnicity and
Education
Race , Ethnicity and
Consumption
Marketing to
Minorities
White Consumption
Of Black Culture
Commercialization
Of Ethnicity

16. Joe Feagin (1938)

17. Joe Feagin / White Racial Frame
“ An array of racist ideas, racial stereotypes , racialized stories and tales, racist images, powerful racial emotions, and various inclinations to discriminate against blacks”(Ritzer 2015 p308).

18. Racism
Racism , Xenophobia
Foundation of
Racism
Institutional
Racism (IR)
Social Movement
And Race
Racist Motives
Role of
Individuals
In (IR)
Ideological
Motive
Hate Groups
Social Structure
of Racism
Bigotry Motive
Civil Rights
Movement
Emotional Motive
Invisibility
In (IR)
Culture and
Racism
Criminal-Materialist
Motive(Affirmative Action)
Collective
Identity and
Power Movement
Political-Territorial Motive

19. Collective identity and power movements
Emergent of the Black power movement in the 1960s
Development of racial consciousness among minorities .
Black adopted the slogan “Black is beautiful”.
Hispanics/ Brown Berrets “ Viva la raza”.
Latinos raise South American Indian ancestry to a matter of pride.

20. Race in Ethnicity in global context
Diaspora
Ethnic conflict within nation states
Ethnic identity and globalization
Expulsion
Genocide
Ethnic cleansing
Global prejudice and discrimination
Global flows on race and ethnicity
Orientalism
Positive and negative flows
Racial and ethnic barriers