1. The New Immigrants (15.1) & The Challenges of Urbanization (15.2)
“Bring me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free…”
-Emma Lazarus’ The New Colossus

2. Warm up – Citizenship Test
How many Senators are there in Congress?
How many Representatives are there in Congress?
What are the 49th and 50th states?
Who has the power to declare war?
Who is the current Governor of your state?

3. European Migration
The U.S. sees a rise in immigrants from southern and eastern Europe:
Italy, Russia, Austro-Hungary, Poland, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Greece and Turkey
Typically settled in big cities
New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, etc.
Why?
Escape religious persecution
Ex. Russian Jews & pogroms
Economic opportunity
Overpopulation in Europe

4. The Legend of Annie Moore

6. Tenement Housing

8. Asian Migration
Chinese & Japanese begin to immigrate to the U.S. amidst the CA Gold Rush (1849)
Ethnic enclaves formed, ex: “Chinatowns”
San Francisco
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
Chinese immigration greatly restricted to protect American wages
Supported by unions and nativists
The Gentlemen’s Agreement
1906 – San Francisco segregates schools
U.S. promises to stop segregation / Japan limits emigration of unskilled workers

9. Harsher questioning & longer detainments
Ellis island
Angel island
New York City
Europeans
Physical examination
Screened for serious contagious health problems
Inspector
Felony record, $25, family & friends
San Francisco
Asians
Harsher questioning & longer detainments

12. Urbanization – the growth of cities
Late 19th century & early 20th century
Contributing factors:
Farm labor demand shrinks due to new technology
Small farms could not compete with commercial farms
Farmers lost land during Panic of 1893
African Americans escaping Jim Crow
Immigrants

13. Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives

16. The Americanization Movement
Programs which sought to culturally assimilate immigrants
Learning English
WWI
“The Making of an American”