1. HAPPY MONDAY 3/13 Review for Inheritance Test tomorrow!
Study session after school
Study guide answers will be 6:00pm tonight
Don’t forget: Trihybrid Extra Credit and Karyotype Extra Credit due tomorrow as well

2. HAPPY TUESDAY 3/14 Turn in any Extra Credit to green box
Clear desks for Inheritance Test
Extra Credit last 10 minutes of class
Turn in test to green box when finished

3. HAPPY WEDNESDAY 3/15 Give your brains a rest!
DNA structure coloring sheet and analysis questions
Answer the analysis questions in your notebook or on the back of the worksheet
Textbook reading over the storing of genetic information and the structure and replication of DNA
Due this FRIDAY, March 17
Friendly reminder: I will also be stamping Pedigree Analysis Packet and Meiosis Review sheet FRIDAY

4. HAPPY THURSDAY 3/16
Take out notebook and prepare for “Gene Expression Lecture Day 1”
Reminder: I will be checking DNA coloring sheet/DNA Structure and Replication reading guides x2 tomorrow (Friday 3/17)
Also checking “Pedigree Analysis” and “Meiosis Review”

5. Gene Expression How do genotypes become phenotypes?
23 from dad 23
from mom

6. Chromosome: DNA: Gene: Structure found in the nucleus of all* cells
Made of DNA coiled around histone proteins, compacted
DNA:
Double helix shape
Stores genetic “gene” information
Self-replicates to produce 2 exact copies of itself
Gene:
A segment of DNA that serves as a code for a specific phenotype
Gene for Type A Blood

7. Genotype Phenotype inherit
Propose how this occurs. What other factors might be included “within” the blue arrow? How do you go from alleles (A, a) to an actual phenotype that is noticeable?

8. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
Antiparallel strands (gene is 5’ 3’)
Monomers = nucleotides
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
1 nucleotide = 3 parts
Deoxyribose sugar
Phosphate
Base
Uses complimentary base pairing rules A  T and C  G
5’ CGTGGTTAAATCT 3’

9. The Central Dogma of Biology
DNA RNA Protein

10. The Central Dogma DNA RNA Protein Transcription Translation
Replication
Transcription
Translation
DNA RNA Protein

11. DNA Replication
DNA is copied accurately to preserve an organism’s genotype
Occurs before cell division so each chromosome has 2 copies to give
meiosis (cell division for gametes)
mitosis (cell division for growth)
Takes place in the nucleus
Enzymes used in process:
Helicase - Unwinds double helix
DNA Polymerase - Creates new strand

12. New DNA strands are formed based off original DNA sequence
DNA Replication
New DNA strands are formed based off original DNA sequence

13. DNA Replication GAGTCCTGTCATAAAATG 3’ CTCAGGACAGTATTTTAC 5’
“Gene”
5’  3’
GAGTCCTGTCATAAAATG 3’
5’ CGTGGTTAAATCT 3’ GCACCAATTTAGA
“Template Strand”
3’  5’
CTCAGGACAGTATTTTAC 5’
Let’s model DNA Replication!

14. What’s next?
After DNA Replication, there is enough DNA make 2 new cells… and then again, and again until the organism stops performing cell division (i.e., never, really). Once a new cell is made, it can begin to use the DNA to create phenotypes. We call this next part Gene Expression, or the production of a phenotype given information from the genotype (“gene” = segments of DNA) and it can be divided into 2 steps: Transcription and Translation.

15. HAPPY FRIDAY 3/17
Take out homework for stamps
Butterfly Stamps
“Pedigree Analysis” Packet
Meiosis Review
New Stamp
DNA Structure Coloring Sheet
Reading Guide X 2
While I am stamping your work, please complete the DNA Replication Processing Activity
In your notebook do the following:
Cut out sister chromatid, DNA strand, and replication steps
Decide in which order to place the steps of replication and number them
Glue in sister chromatids and DNA strand, correctly indicate (with arrows) where each step takes place (if applicable)

16. Transcription
Produces a RiboNucleic Acid (single) strand using a DNA template
DNA is “read” from 3’  5’ (“template” strand)
Transcription enzyme = RNA Polymerase
Takes place in the nucleus
In gene expression, mRNA is made
Base pair rules:
C  G
G  C
T  A
A  U

17. Let’s Transcribe!
Gene 5’ TCATGCAGAGGAGATTAA 3’ Template 3’ AGTACGTCTCCTCTAATT 5’ mRNA 5’ 3’ Gene 5’ GATCAGGGAGACTTAGCA 3’ Template 3’ CTAGTCCCTCTGAATCGT 5’

18. Translation Produces an amino acid sequence using mRNA as a template
mRNA is “read” from 5’  3’ in triplets (“codons”)
Codons code for amino acids
Start codon is AUG but stop codon varies
Enzyme* that does this is called tRNA
Takes place in cytoplasm at a ribosome
After folding of polypeptide, a protein is formed!

19. The Genetic Code AUG is Met (start) ACC is Thr AGA is Arg! UAA is Stop
Examples:
AUG is Met (start)
ACC is Thr
AGA is Arg!
UAA is Stop
UAG is Stop
UGA is Stop

20. Alanine Threonine Glutamate Leucine Arginine Serine Stop!
Use the Genetic Code to figure out what amino acids are assembled based on mRNA strand
Alanine
Threonine
Glutamate
Leucine
Arginine
Serine
Stop!

21. Translation
Gene 5’ GATCATGCGTCTCCTCTAATT 3’ Template mRNA Amino Acids

22. Translation
Gene 5’ 3’ Template 3’ CTCATACGGACAGTATTTTAC 5’ mRNA Amino Acids

23. How do you get from genotype to phenotype?
Once the amino acid sequence is complete, it folds into a 3D “glob” = a protein! Proteins do all of our cellular work, so they create phenotypes.
Discuss with a neighbor:
How do you get from genotype to phenotype?

24. Your Task Gene Expression Practice Worksheet
Compare to key when finished to see if you have the skills!
Homework due Friday
Snorks

25. Discuss with your neighbors:
Where does DNA Replication take place?
Where does Transcription take place?
What does Transcription produce?
Where does Translation take place?
What does Translation produce?
The Genetic Code is used to figure out what amino acids are assembled based on the strand created from the strand

26. What is the deal with 5’ and 3’?